Yintoni i-LiFePO4 kwiibhetri ze-lithium ??
Intshayelelo kwiLithium Iron Phosphate Materials
I-Lithium iron phosphate (i-molecular formula LiFePO₄, i-lithium iron phosphate, i-LFP, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-lithium iron phosphate okanye i-ferrous lithium phosphate) yinto ye-cathode esetyenziswa kwiibhetri ze-lithium-. Iimpawu zayo kukuba ayinayo izinto ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-cobalt okanye i-nickel, ixabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo liphantsi; kunye nekhabhoni, i-lithium, kunye nentsimbi zininzi kuqweqwe lomhlaba, ezinokuhlangabezana nemfuno yemalike engaphezulu kweetoni zesigidi esinye ngonyaka. Njengomathiriyeli we-cathode, i-lithium iron phosphate inombane osebenzayo ophakathi (3.2 V), umthamo othe ngqo ophezulu (170 mA·h/g), amandla okukhutshwa aphezulu, amandla okutshaja okukhawulezayo, kunye nobomi bomjikelo omde, kunye nozinzo olulungileyo kwindawo{5}}zobushushu kunye{6} nobushushu obuphezulu.
I-lithium iron phosphate crystal yolunye uhlobo lwesakhiwo se-olivine. Kwimineralogy, ibizwa ngokuba yi-triphylite, ethatyathwe kwigama lesiGrike elithi iingcambu ze-tri kunye ne-lylon. Kwintsimbi ekrwada, umbala unokuba ngwevu, bubomvu{2}}mdaka ngwevu, mdaka, okanye mnyama, ngelixa iimveliso zokwenyani zimnyama okanye ngwevu{3}}mnyama. Izinto ezithile zendalo zamaminerali ziqulethe i-lithium iron phosphate, kodwa ibakala liphantsi kwaye alifiki kwinqanaba lesicelo esisebenzayo. I-lithium ye-iron phosphate iyingxenye ye-phosphate edibeneyo, kwaye i-formula yayo yeekhemikhali jikelele kufuneka ibe yi-LiMPO₄, apho i-M ingaba nayiphi na isinyithi se-divalent, kuquka i-Fe, i-Co, i-Mn, i-Ti, njl. Nangona kunjalo, kwiikhompawundi kunye nesakhiwo se-olivine, i-lithium iron phosphate ayisiyiyo yodwa enokusetyenziswa njengento ye-cathode kwiibhetri ze-lithium -. Ngokolwazi lwangoku, kukwakho neLiMnPO₄, iLiMnFePO₄, iLiVPO₄, iLiCoPO₄, nezinye izinto ezininzi.
Imvelaphi yezinto ze-lithium iron phosphate inokulandelwa kwi-1996, xa inkampani yezonxibelelwano yaseJapan i-NTT yafumanisa okokuqala ukuba i-AMPO₄ (A yintsimbi yealkali, i-M yi-Co okanye i-Fe) kunye nesakhiwo se-olivine, ngokudityaniswa kwe-LiFeCoPO₄, ingasetyenziselwa njenge-lithium-ibhetri ye-ion cathode. Emva koko, kwafunyanwa liqela lophando lweGoodenough kwi-Massachusetts Institute of Technology e-United States, ngelixa ufunda i-framework compounds, ukuba izinto ze-lithium iron phosphate zinepropathi ebuyiselwayo ye-lithium - ion (Li⁺) intercalation kunye ne-deintercalation. Ngo-Aprili 23, 1997, iYunivesithi yaseTexas e-Austin yafaka i-patent enesihloko esithi "izinto zeCathode zebhetri ze-lithium ezitshajwayo kwakhona" (WO1997010541), ephawula ukuqala kwe-patent monopoly kwizinto ze-lithium iron phosphate.
Ukupapashwa ngaxeshanye kwe-olivine{0}}i-structured phosphate (LiMPO₄) imathiriyeli ye-cathode yi-United States ne-Japan yatsala umdla omkhulu, yaqalisa uphando olubanzi, kwaye yaqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza inkqubo yoshishino. Xa kuthelekiswa nemathiriyeli yelithium yentsimbi yesibini ye-lithium -ye-ion yebhetri yesibini yecathode{3}}i-spinel{4}i-lithium manganese oxide eyakhiweyo (LiMn₂O₄) kunye ne-{5}}i-lithium cobalt oxide eyakhiweyo (i-LiCoO₂){6}}i-LiMPO₄ inezinto ezimdaka ezifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye akukho nkunkuma efumanekayo. Ngokukodwa, ukhuseleko luphuculwe kakhulu, luvusa umdla omkhulu kubaphandi nakumashishini.
Ngokweziphumo zophando kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imathiriyeli ye-lithium iron phosphate inendawo{0}eyikristale ye-olivine, kwaye i-lithium yayo{1}}imijelo yokusasazwa kwe-ion yahlukile kwezo zemathiriyeli ye-cathode yesintu. Izinto ze-cathode zendabuko zineengqimba okanye izakhiwo ze-spinel, ezivumela i-lithium ion ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweengqimba okanye kumajelo amakhulu, ngaloo ndlela inika izinto eziphathekayo ngokusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-lithium -i-ion diffusion channels kwi-lithium iron phosphate imathiriyeli enye{5}}i-dimensional, oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphakathi kwekristale kukho kuphela "itonela" ye-lithium{6}}i-ion diffusion, ngoko ke izinga lokufuduka kwe-lithium{7}}licotha kakhulu kwaye umgama wokusasazwa mfutshane. Ngokukodwa phantsi kweemeko zokukhutshwa kwezinga eliphezulu-, i-ion ze-lithium zangaphakathi azikwazi ukufuduka ngexesha, okukhokelela kwi-electrochemical polarization.
Iibhetri zinokwenziwa kusetyenziswa izinto ezicocekileyo ze-lithium iron phosphate ukuqinisekisa ezi zigqibo zingentla. Iimvavanyo zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa komthamo we-lithium iron phosphate ecocekileyo iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ibhetri ifumana ukubola komthamo ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuhamba ngebhayisikile. Umzobo 2.1 ubonisa ukusebenza kwebhayisekile ye-lithium - yeseli yengqekembe ye-ion eyenziwe ngumbhali esebenzisa i-hydrothermally synthesized pure lithium iron phosphate (ngaphandle kwe-carbon coating). Kunokubonwa ukuba emva kwemijikelo emalunga ne-15 yokukhupha intlawulo, umthamo webhetri ubole ngaphezu kwe-20%. Ke ngoko, izinto ezisulungekileyo ze-lithium iron phosphate ayifanelekanga kwiinkqubo zebhetri ye-lithium -.
Ngo-2000, i-Hydro - Québec (H -} Q), usetyenziso lukawonke-wonke lwaseKhanada, yaba ngowokuqala ukufaka amalungelo awodwa omenzi kwi-lithium iron phosphate kunye nezinto zokuqhuba, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni yokwaleka kwizinto ze-lithium iron phosphate. Oku kwenze ukuba i-lithium iron phosphate ikwazi ukufikelela kumthamo othile ophezulu kwaye yandise ubomi bomjikelo wayo kwimijikelo engaphezu kwama-2000. Oku kwaphawula ukuqala kwenkqubo ye-industrialization ye-lithium iron phosphate njengento ye-cathode.
