Yintoni iMathiriyeli eNciphisa idangatye?
Ndifumene umnxeba kwinyanga ephelileyo ovela kumqokeleli wepakethi eOhio. Umthengi wakhe wayefuna ukwazi ukuba kutheni i-inshurensi yokugcina impahla inyuke nge-40% emva kokuba beqale ukugcina iiseli ze-lithium. Umbhali wangaphantsi ucaphule ukubaleka kwe-thermal. Umhlanganisi wandibuza ukuba angabaxelela ntoni malunga nokhuseleko lwe-electrolyte. Ndamxelela the same thing ndixelela wonke umntu. I-carbonate solvents kwiiseli zakho ziya kutshisa. Umbuzo kukuba wenza ntoni ngayo.
I-electrolyte yenza mhlawumbi i-10-15% yobunzima beseli. I-ethylene carbonate, i-dimethyl carbonate, i-ethyl methyl carbonate. La ngamahashe okusebenza. Banyibilikisa iityuwa ze-lithium kakuhle. Bavumela iiyoni zihambe ngokukhawuleza. Kananjalo banamanqaku ombane kuluhlu lwe-30-40 degree. I-pouch cell cell inokubetha i-200℃ngaphakathi ngaphantsi komzuzu. Izibalo azintsonkothanga.
Iikhompawundi ze-Phosphorus ziboniswe kwii-electrolyte zebhetri malunga no-2003. I-Trimethyl phosphate yaba yeyokuqala abantu abayizama ngokunzulu. Isebenza ngokukhulula i-PO radicals xa ishushu. Ezo radicals zibamba i-hydrogen ukusuka kwidangatye elingaphambili kwaye zivale ukusabela kwetsheyini lokutsha. Ungazicima{4}}ixesha locima ukusuka 50+ kwimizuzwana ngegram ukuya kutsho kwinani elinye. I-tradeoff yi-viscosity. Iiphosphates zijiya i-electrolyte. Ion conductivity iyehla. Ulahlekelwa amandla omgangatho.
Kwiinkampani ezifumana iiseli, cela eyakhoumenzi webhetri ye-lithiummalunga nokwakhiwa kwe-electrolyte kufuneka kube yinto eqhelekileyo ngoku. Ubume bomhlaba butshintshile ukusukela ngo-2020. Abenzi beeseli baseTshayina ngoku bathumela iimveliso ezinephosphate{2}}imixube ye-ester efike kuhlobo lomlilo ofanayo neeseli zaseJapan ezithengiswe kabini ngexabiso kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo. U-Zhangjiagang Guotai-U-Huarong unikezela nge-electrolyte kubavelisi abaninzi beeseli ezinkulu. Uphuculo lokhuseleko luye lwehla.
Iikhompawundi ezine-fluorinated zeza kamva. Hydrofluorothers. Iikhabhonathi ezine-Fluorinated ezifana ne-FEC kunye ne-FEMC. Iiathom zeFluorine kumqolo wemolekyuli ziphazamisa ukusasazeka okukhulu ngokwahlukileyo kune-phosphorus. Imiphumo mihle. Iindleko azikho. Izinto ezixutyiweyo zisaqhuba i-3-5x oko uhlawula i-carbonates eqhelekileyo. Ndiyazi abafana abachaza kwi-5-10% nje ukubetha umda wokhuseleko ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa ibhilikhi yabo yezinto.
Ulwelo lwe-Ionic lufumene ushicilelo oluninzi malunga no-2015-2018. Uxinzelelo lomphunga olusondeleyo. Ayiyi kuvutha phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko yesiqhelo yokuxhatshazwa. Ndakhenketha ilebhu yaseMünster eyayisebenza kuyo kangangeminyaka emithandathu. Umphandi wandibonisa iiseli ezisinde kwiqondo le-200 lokufudumeza ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuphuma umoya. Ubuye wandixelela ukuba bahlawula i-85 / kg ye-ionic liquid. I-EC/DMC yorhwebo idibanisa ixabiso elingaphantsi kwe-€4/kg. Uqoqosho lwayibulala ngenxa yeemoto. Ezinye izicelo ze-aerospace zinokufunxa loo ndleko. Uninzi alukwazi.
Ii-electrolyte ze-Gel polymer zithatha indlela eyahlukileyo. Ubamba isigaba solwelo kwi-polymer matrix. PVDF-I-HFP ixhaphakile. Amanye amaqela akha i-phosphorus ngqo kwi-polymer backbone. Ukubuyiswa komlilo kuba yinto yolwakhiwo. Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseQingdao bapapashe umsebenzi kunyaka odlulileyo kwiinkqubo ze-polyimide ezinemixokelelwane yecala le-phosphazene. Uzicima{7} amaxesha phantsi kwemizuzwana emi-5. Amandla omatshini aphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukucothisa ukukhula kwedendrite. Umngeni kukuvelisa. Ukuqengqeleka{12}}ukuya{13}}kuqengqeleka ukutyabeka kwejeli ye-electrolyte ayivuthwanga njengokuzaliswa kolwelo.
Xa kuvavanywa aumthengisi webhetri ye-lithium yesikokwizicelo zamashishini, buza imibuzo ethile malunga nokhuseleko. Ithini i-SET ye-electrolyte formulation yakho? Yeyiphi inxinaniso yesongezo esibuyisela idangatye osisebenzisayo? Ngaba unokubonelela ngedatha ye-cone calorimetry? Abanye abenzi beeseli baya kwabelana ngolu lwazi. Abanye bayijonga njengefanele. Iibrand zeprimiyamu zihlala ziqhuba i-12-18% ye-phosphate-based additives ngokobunzima kwiiseli zabo zemoto.
Ishishini livavanya ukusilela komlilo ngeendlela ezininzi. Ixesha lokuzicima{1} lelo elikhawulezayo. Utshisa isampuli kunye nexesha elide kangakanani litshisa emva kokususa umthombo wokutshisa. Ukunciphisa i-oxygen index ikuxelela ubuncinane be-O2 yoxinaniso olufunekayo ukugcina ukutsha. I-UL 2054 kunye ne-IEC 62133 iseti indlela yokupasa/yokusilela kwiiseli ezigqityiweyo. I-GB 38031-2020 yaseTshayina idinga imizuzu emi-5 yesilumkiso ngaphambi kokuba usasazo lwe-thermal lufikelele kwiiseli ezikufutshane kwipakethi. Ukudibana naloo nkcazo ihlala ifuna i-electrolyte ebambezela umlilo.
Iinkumbulo zawutyhalela phambili lo mbandela. I-GM yarhoxisa ii-140,000 ze-Bolt EVs ukuqala ngo-2021. AbakwaHyundai bakhumbula i-Kona Electrics. Ford ilibazise ukuveliswa koMbane. Iingcambu oonobangela zahlukene. Ezinye yayiziphene kwimveliso. Eminye yayiyimiba yoyilo lweeseli. Bonke benza amasebe okuthenga i-OEM abuze imibuzo enzima. Nayiphi nalithium ibhetri OEM iqabaneukuzama ukufumana isiqinisekiso semoto ngoku kujongwe ngakumbi kumaxwebhu okhuseleko lobushushu kunokuba benzayo ngo-2019.
Iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo zongeza kwimali yokwenyani kwisikali. Ipakethi yeemoto ezingama-60 kWh iqulathe malunga ne-40-50 kg ye-electrolyte ngokuxhomekeke kwifomathi yeseli kunye nokulayisha. Ukongeza i-15% i-flame retardant kwi-$ 15 / kg ixabiso elongezelelweyo lithetha i-$ 90-110 ngepakethi. Iindleko zenqanaba leseli zehle ngaphantsi kwe-$100/kWh kwiiseli zeprismatic ze-LFP ezingabizi kakhulu eziphuma e-China. Loo nto ibuyisela ilangatye imele malunga ne-1.5% yeendleko zeseli. Amaqela okuthenga axoxa malunga neepeni ngekWh nganye. Ayizo pennies ezi.
Iinkampani ezakha ubudlelwane kunye neumboneleli wendibano yemodyuli yebhetri ye-lithium, iinkcukacha ze-electrolyte zihlala zinganakwa kwiingxoxo zakwangoko. Abantu bagxila kumthamo, ubomi bomjikelo, C-ireyithi. I-flame retardancy ibonakala kamva, ngokuqhelekileyo xa umthengi wokugqibela ecela amaxwebhu okhuseleko. Ngelo xesha uyilo lweseli lutshixiwe. Ukubuyisela kwakhona ukwakhiwa kwe-electrolyte eyahlukileyo kunokutshintsha i-impedance, umthamo, kunye neempawu zokuguga. Kungcono ukucacisa kwangaphambili.
Umbhobho wophando unomsebenzi onomdla kuwo. Ii-electrolyte zoxinaniso eziphezulu-zendawo zisebenzisa izinyibilikisi zephosphate ezixutywe -ngeethers ezinefluorinated ezingatshayo. Ufumana i-flame retardancy ye-phosphates kunye ne-viscosity kunye ne-conductivity ye-carbonates yendabuko. UArgonne upapashe kule nto. Amaqela amaninzi eyunivesithi eTshayina asebenza kwiiyantlukwano. Ubukho borhwebo mhlawumbi yiminyaka emi-2-3 ngaphandle kwebakala lemoto.
Iiseli eziqinileyo-zinokusombulula ingxaki yokutsha ngokupheleleyo. I-Ceramic kunye ne-sulfide electrolytes ayitshisi. Kananjalo azikabikho kwisikali semveliso yeemoto okwangoku. I-CATL, i-Samsung SDI, i-Toyota, kunye ne-QuantumScape zonke ziye zatyhala ixesha labo eliqinileyo{4}}ngeminyaka eyi-2-4 kwizibhengezo zakutsha nje. Nayiphi naumboneleli wezisombululo zokhuseleko lwebhetri ye-lithiumiya kukuxelela ukuba i-electrolyte engamalangatye ebuyisa ulwelo ihlala iyimpendulo esebenzayo ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2028 kuninzi lwezicelo.
Ndichithe iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ndisebenza kule ngxaki kwiindima ezahlukeneyo. Iteknoloji iye yaphucuka. Iindleko zehlile. Imililo yeeseli isenzeka. Zenzeka kancinane kuneminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, kwaye iiseli namhlanje zigcina amandla amaninzi kuneeseli ngoko. Ishishini lahamba kwicala elifanelekileyo. Kukho umsebenzi omninzi ekufuneka wenziwe.
