Ziziphi iimpawu zeebhetri zeLithium -?
Umthamo kunye neMmandla yoMbane weLithium -iMathiriyeli yebhetri ye-ion
Ngexesha lokuhlawuliswa -ukukhupha i-reaction ye-lithium -ibhetri ye-ion, kuphela izinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode ezilungileyo kunye ne-negative ezifumana i-lithium -i-ion intercalation / i-deintercalation reactions, ngelixa i-electrolyte kunye nezinye izinto zingasetyenziswa. Ngoko ke, amandla apho izinto ze-electrode ezilungileyo kunye ne-negative zidibanisa ukuguqulwa / ukuchithwa kwe-lithium ion kumisela i-open-i-voltage yesekhethi yebhetri, kunye nomthamo we-lithium ion intercalating / deintercalating imisela umthamo wezinto ezisebenzayo. Uninzi lwabavelisi bebhetri ye-lithium-yehlabathi jikelele kunye ne-lithium{7}}ababoneleli bebhetri ye-ion baxhomekeke kwezi mpawu zemathiriyeli ukuphumeza imveliso yobuninzi obuzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso okungaguqukiyo.
Kwi-electrode engalunganga, ukusabela kwenzeka ngokwe-Equation (1.2). Nge-mole ye-carbon (12g), ubuninzi be-1/6 mol ye-lithium ion inokudityaniswa. Ke ngoko, umthamo wethiyori okhethekileyo we-carbon negative electrode material
1/6(mol)×96485(Faraday rhoqo,C/mol)/12(g)=3400C/g=372(mA·h/g) (1.5)
Ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke, ukuqwalasela ilahleko ye-lithium ngenxa ye-adsorption kunye nokubunjwa kwefilimu eqinile ye-electrolyte interphase (SEI), eyona nto inokufezekiswa amandla athile ekhabhoni yi-300-345 mA · h / g. Ababoneleli bepakethe yebhetri ye-lithium -iion bafikelela kweli nqanaba ngokulungiswa kwegraphite kunye neenkqubo zokwaleka ezichanekileyo.
Kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode, amandla ayo axhomekeke kwixabiso le-lithium ions enokukhutshwa / ifakwe. Ukuthatha i-LiCoO₂ njengomzekelo, ukuya kwi-1 mol ye-lithium ion nge-mole ye-LiCoO₂ inokuthatha inxaxheba ekuphenduleni. Ke ngoko, amandla obuchule obuthile beLiCoO₂ (i-molecular mass 97.86)
1(mol)×96485(C/mol)/97.86(g)=985.95C/g=273.9(mA·h/g) (1.6)
Ngokwenza umsebenzi, ukugcina ukuzinza kwe-crystal yezinto ze-LiCoO₂, ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela i-30% -60% ye-lithium ion ithatha inxaxheba ekuphenduleni. Ngoko ke, amandla okwenene ezinto ze-LiCoO₂ yi-137-164 mA·h / g. I-lithium enkulu -ibhetri ye-ion ye-OEM abavelisi balawula ubunzulu bentlawulo kunye nokukhupha nge-BMS ephezulu ukwandisa ubomi bomjikelo ngelixa beqinisekisa ukhuseleko.
I-lithium iron phosphate, i-1 mol ye-lithium ion nge-mole ye-lithium iron phosphate inokuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwi-reaction. Ke ngoko, ithiyori kunye nomthamo ochanekileyo wezinto ze-lithium iron phosphate (i-molecular mass 157.8)
1(mol)×96485(C/mol)/157.8(g)=611.44C/g=169.8(mA·h/g) (1.7)
Ngokwendalo, amandla omgangatho we-redox we-Li/Li⁺ ngowona uphantsi, ufikelela ku- -}3.04 V (vs. standard hydrogen electrode). Kwizinto ze-carbon negative electrode, amandla okukhutshwa kwe-lithium-ion kunye nokufakwa kukufutshane ne-Li/Li⁺ equilibrium potential. Ngokutsho kwethiyori ye-electrochemical, kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, i-electrode enokubakho ye-carbon negative electrode yi
E=isidanga se-E + 0.02567 · ln[C(Li⁺)/C(Li,C₆)] (1.8)
apho
Isidanga se-E - amandla e-electrode eqhelekileyo;
C (Li⁺) - i-concentration ye-lithium ion kwisisombululo se-electrolyte;
C (Li, C₆) - i-concentration ye-lithium ion kwi-carbon electrode negative.
Xa i-lithium ion concentration kwisisombululo kunye nekhabhoni ye-electrode negative isondele, amandla e-electrode ye-electrode engafanelekanga ilingana nomgangatho wokunciphisa umgangatho we-E degree. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-concentration ye-lithium ion kwi-electrolyte igxininisekile, ngoko ke utshintsho kwi-lithium ion yoxinaniso kwikhabhoni ye-electrode engalunganga kuya kubangela utshintsho kwi-electrode engafanelekanga. Okwangoku akukho ndlela yehlabathi jikelele yokubala ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo olunokubakho lwe-Li/C₆ olunamaxabiso ahlukeneyo ka-x. Ngokuqhelekileyo kumiselwa ngokomfuniselo. Iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba amandla okuqhekeka kwegraphite -izinto ezisekelwe ngokubanzi zihluka phakathi kwe-0-0.4 V (vs. Li/Li⁺), zibenza zibe yimathiriyeli engafanelekanga ye-electrode esetyenziswayo. Umzobo 1.2 ubonisa intlawulo eqhelekileyo{10}}yokukhupha igophe legraphite negative electrode.
Kwizinto ze-electrode ze-LiCoO₂, i-lithium intercalation/deintercalation process yinto enye-yesigaba sokusabela. Njengoko i-lithium ion concentration kwi-electrode efanelekileyo iyatshintsha, amandla e-electrode efanelekileyo nawo atshintsha. Ukuqwalasela ugxininiso lwe-lithium ion kwi-electrolyte yi-1 mol / L, ngenxa yokusabela kwi-Equation (1.1), i-electrode enokuthi i-E
E=isidanga se-E + 0.02567 · ln[C(Li⁺,CoO₂)/C(LiCoO₂)] (1.9)
apho
Isidanga se-E - amandla e-electrode eqhelekileyo;
C (LiCoO₂) - i-concentration ye-LiCoO₂ kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode;
C (Li⁺,CoO₂) - ukuxinwa kwe-Li⁺ kunye ne-CoO₂ kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode;
Njengoko i-lithium ion ikhutshwa, amandla e-electrode abonisa ukuhla.
Intlawulo-inkqubo yokukhupha izinto ze-lithium iron phosphate kukuguqulwa kwe-lithium iron phosphate ukuya kwi-iron phosphate emva kokuchithwa.
Ukusabela kwi-lithium iron phosphate electrode yi
LiFePO₄ ↔ FePO₄ + Li⁺ + e⁻ (1.10)
I-lithium -i-ion intercalation/inkqubo ye-deintercalation yi-reaction yesigaba sesibini. Ngoko ke, utshintsho kwi-lithium ion concentration kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode azichaphazeli utshintsho olunokwenzeka lwe-electrode efanelekileyo. Ikhono layo lokulingana li
E=E isidanga + 0.02567 · ln[C(FePO₄)/C(LiFePO₄)] (1.11)
Ukuxinwa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezicocekileyo yi-1. Ngokusekelwe kwiiparamitha zayo ze-thermodynamic, i-theory equilibrium potentiality yi-3.4 V.
Intlawulo eqhelekileyo-igophe leempawu ze-lithium iron phosphate ibonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.3.
Iimpawu zokuSebenza kweebhetri zeLithium{0}}
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iibhetri, iibhetri ze-lithium{0}}zinezi mpawu zilandelayo ezaziwa ngokubanzi ngabasasazi bebhetri ye-lithium{1}}nabathengi bemizi-mveliso:
Ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu.Uxinaniso lwamandla ebhetri ye-lithium-yeion ifikelela kwi-100 W·h/kg kunye ne-200 W·h/L nangaphezulu. I-ternary cathode lithium{4}}ibhetri yeion yakutsha nje ifumene ubunzima obuthile bamandla obungama-200 W·h/kg. Ukusebenzisa{7}}isilicon ephezulu yenickel{8}esekelwe kwimathiriyeli ye-anode kunye ne-lithium{9}}imathiriyeli etyebileyo ye-cathode, ubunzima obuthile bulindeleke ukuba bufike ku-400 W·h/kg kunye noxinzelelo lwevolumetric yamandla angama-900 W · h/L, ukodlula kakhulu iibhetri zesintu. Ke ngoko, iibhetri ze-lithium{13}}zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zombane eziphathwayo kunye nezithuthi zombane.
Amandla ombane aphezulu avulelekileyo-esetyhula.Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezinga{0}}izinyibilikisi zendalo ezinamanzi, amandla ombane weseli enye afikelela ku-3.6–3.8 V, nto leyo ephindaphindwe ka-2–3 kunenikeli{6}}yesinyithi sehydride okanye i-nickel{7}}ibhetri yecadmium. Ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenzisa{9}izixhobo zecathode zevoltage eziphezulu kunokonyusa amandla ombane osebenza kwiseli enye ukuya kwi-4.5–5 V, esesinye sezizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu ebhetri ye-lithium{12}}iion.
Iyakwazi -intlawulo ephezulu kunye nokukhupha.Umzekelo, zonke iibhetri{0}}eziqinileyo-zelizwe zelithium{2}}ezisebenzisa i-electrolyte yepolymer zinokufikelela kumazinga okukhutshwa angaphezu kwe-10C ngokhuseleko olulungileyo; iibhetri ze-lithium - zisebenzisa i-lithium iron phosphate njengoko i-cathode inokufikelela kwi-100C yokukhutshwa.
Ixabiso lokuzikhupha eliphantsi-.Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, umlinganiselo wenyanga wokuzikhupha we-lithium-ibhetri ye-ion ikholisa ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-10%, ingaphantsi kune-nickel{3}}ibhetri ye-metal hydride (15%) kunye nesiqingatha senickel{5}}ibhetri yecadmium. Umlinganiselo wokuzikhupha welithium iron phosphates jikelele ungaphantsi kwe 3%.
Indawo intle,ayinalothe, i-cadmium, imekyuri, okanye ezinye izinto eziyingozi, kwaye ayingcolisi indalo esingqongileyo.
Akukho mpembelelo yenkumbulo.Isiphumo sememori sibhekisa kwisenzeko apho umthamo webhetri wehla xa itshajwa kwakhona phambi kokuba ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo okanye isetyenziswe phambi kokuba itshajwe ngokupheleleyo (isiphumo sememori asikokonakala komthamo). Iibhetri zeLithium - azinasiphumo senkumbulo.
Ukhuseleko olulungileyo.Iibhetri zeLithium-zidla ngokusebenzisa imathiriyeli yekhabhoni njenge-electrode engeyiyo, ene-electrode enokubakho kufutshane naleyo ye-metallic lithium. I-Lithium ion inokuthi ibuyele umva kwaye idibanise kwikhabhoni, inciphisa kakhulu amathuba okubekwa kwentsimbi ye-lithium kunye nokuphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lwebhetri. Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, idangatye -izongezo ezidityanisiweyo, idangatye{4}}izahluli ezidityanisiweyo, izixhobo ze-PTC (i-coefficient yobushushu obufanelekileyo), izixhobo ezidubulayo{5}iivalvu zobungqina, iinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri, kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha buqinisekise ukhuseleko oluphezulu kakhulu lwebhetri ye-lithium{6}}.
Ubomi bomjikelo omde.Ubomi bomjikelo weebhetri ze-lithium{0}}zingaphezu kwama-500. Ubomi bomjikelezo weebhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-2000-3000 cycles. Xa ifaniswa neenkqubo ze-anode eziphathekayo kunye nekhono lomjikelo ophezulu (njenge-lithium titanate), ngaphezu kwemijikelezo ye-10,000 inokufezekiswa. Oku kwenza ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate zibe lolona khetho lungcono kwiinkqubo zebhetri yokugcina amandla kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu ze-ESS -.
