Yintoni ii-Cylindrical Cells?

Iiseli ze-Cylindrical ziyi-lithium -ibhetri ze-ion ezigcinwe kwi-cylindrical casings eqinile ye-casings yentsimbi enenxeba le-electrode kulungiselelo olujikelezayo. Bagcina kwaye bahambise amandla ombane ngokuphendula kwe-electrochemical phakathi kwe-anode elayitiweyo, i-cathode, isahluli, kunye nezixhobo ze-electrolyte.

Ezi bhetri zifumene ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuba imilo yecylindrical ngokwemvelo isasaza uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nobushushu ngokulinganayo kwi-casing. Imilinganiselo esemgangathweni{1}}efana no-18650 (18mm ubukhulu, 65mm ubude) kunye no-21700 (21mm ububanzi, 70mm ubude){8}}ibenze eyona modeli izenzekelayo kwaye ixabisa{9}}ifomati esebenzayo yebhetri yokwenza. I-Tesla yandisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwiimoto zombane, kunye neemodeli zokuqala eziqulethe i-6,000 ukuya kwi-9,000 yeeseli ezizimeleyo ezihlanganiswe kwiipakethi zebhetri.

Uyilo lwangaphakathi lweeseli ze-cylindrical lulandela ipateni ehambelanayo kubo bonke abavelisi. Embindini uhleli mandrel ejikeleze i electrode sheets spiral ngaphandle koko iinjineli zibiza "jelly roll" isakhiwo.

I-cathode ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), i-nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), okanye i-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). I-anode iqulathe igraphite okanye isilicon -esekelwe kwikhompawundi. I-membrane yokwahlula i-polyolefin ikhusela iisekethe ezimfutshane ngelixa ivumela i-lithium ion ukuba ifuduke phakathi kwee-electrode ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha imijikelo.

Isinyibiliko se-electrolyte{0}}ityuwa ze-lithium ezinyibilikiswa kwizinyibilikisi eziphilayo{1}}senza ukuba i-ion ithuthwe. Indibano yonke ihleli ngaphakathi kwentsimbi okanye i-aluminium casing enika ukhuseleko lomatshini kwaye isebenza njenge-terminal engalunganga. Uninzi lweeseli zesilinda zibeka i-terminal evumayo kwindawo ephezulu kunye netheminali engalunganga ezantsi, nangona iifomati ezinkulu ezifana no-4680 zibeka zombini iitheminali kumphezulu ongaphezulu.

I-casing yensimbi idlala indima ebalulekileyo ngaphaya kokukhusela okulula. Igcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo phantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwi-gas buildup ngexesha lokuguga. Ijiyometri yecylindrical isasaza olu xinzelelo ngokufanayo kwiindonga, ivumela iicasings ezincinci xa kuthelekiswa neefomathi zeprismatic. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima bezinto ezingasebenziyo kwaye konyusa kancinci uxinano lwamandla kwinqanaba leseli.

Ishishini lebhetri liseke iifomati ezininzi ezisemgangathweni zeeseli zecylindrical, nganye ithiywe ngokwemilinganiselo yayo kwiimilimitha. I-cell ye-18650 ilawula i-electronics kunye nezixhobo zamandla ukususela ngo-1990, inika amandla phakathi kwe-1,200 kunye ne-3,500 mAh kunye namazinga okukhutshwa ukuya kwi-30A ngokuxhomekeke kwikhemistri kunye noyilo.

Ifomati ka-21700 yavela phakathi{12}}ngo-2010 njengoko abavelisi bafuna iiseli zesakhono esiphezulu. I-50% yevolumu enkulu xa kuthelekiswa neeseli ze-18650 ivumela amandla okufikelela kwi-4,000 ukuya kwi-5,000 mAh. I-Tesla kunye nePanasonic baphuhlise le fomati ye-Model 3, ukufezekisa ukuxinana kwamandla malunga ne-300 Wh / kg-malunga ne-20% ephezulu kunesizukulwana sangaphambili se-18650 iiseli. Ifomathi enkulu yanciphisa ukubalwa kweeseli ezifunekayo kwisithuthi ngasinye, ukwenza lula ukudibanisa kunye nokuthoba iindleko zenkqubo malunga ne-9%.

Iseli kaTesla's 4680 imele inguquko yamva nje enkulu{1}}kwifomati yebhetri yesilinda. Ngobubanzi obuyi-46mm kunye nobude obuyi-80mm, iqulethe ngaphezu kokuphindwe kahlanu amandla eseli ye-21700. Inkampani ithi le fomati ihambisa i-5x umthamo wamandla kunye ne-6x imveliso yamandla xa kuthelekiswa neeseli ze-21700, ukuguqulela kwi-16% ngaphezulu koluhlu lokuqhuba. Nangona kunjalo, ukukala kwemveliso kubonakalise umngeni, kunye noTesla evelisa i-100 yezigidi zeeseli ezingama-4680 kuphela ngoSeptemba 2024 emva kweminyaka emine yophuhliso.

Ezinye iifomathi eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-26650 yeseli (26mm x 65mm) enegunya eliqhelekileyo malunga ne-3,200 mAh, edumileyo kwizixhobo zamandla kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla. Ifomathi encinci ye-14500 (14mm x 50mm) inika i-electronics ephathekayo kunye namandla akufutshane ne-1,600 mAh.

Imveliso yeeseli ze-cylindrical izuza kumashumi eminyaka yokusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nokuzenzekelayo. Inkqubo ejikelezayo eyenza i-jelly roll isebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-tension, iqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa kwe-electrode engaguqukiyo kunye neziphene ezincinci. Izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ziphethe i-electrode coating, i-winding, ingakwazi ukufaka, ukuzaliswa kwe-electrolyte, kunye nokutywinwa ngokungenelela okuncinci komntu.

Esi siseko sokwenziwa kwemveliso esivuthiweyo siguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwiinzuzo zeendleko. Idatha yeshishini ukusuka ku-2024 ibonisa iiseli ze-cylindrical zinokuveliswa ngokukhawuleza kune-prismatic okanye enye ye-pouch, ivelisa iiyure ze-kilowatt-ezingakumbi ngeyure yemveliso nganye. Iifomathi ezisemgangathweni zenza ukuba abavelisi bezixhobo baphuhlise{4}}oomatshini bobuchule obuphezulu obungayi kusebenza ngokwezoqoqosho kuyilo lweeseli zeprismatic.

Uqoqosho lwesikali lukhulu. Abavelisi bebhetri batyale iibhiliyoni kwi-18650 kunye ne-21700 imigca yokuvelisa. Indawo enye inokuvelisa izigidi zeeseli inyanga nenyanga xa sele igcwele ngokupheleleyo. Lo mthamo wehla ngokweeyunithi{5}}ngeendleko zeyunithi ngenkunkuma encitshisiweyo, amakhonkco obonelelo aphuculweyo, kunye nezinga lesivuno eliphuculweyo elidlula i-98% kubavelisi abaphambili.

Ukuhambelana komgangatho kubonisa amanye amandla okuvelisa. Inkqubo yokujija ngokuzenzekelayo ivelisa iiroli zejeli ezifanayo kakhulu ezineempawu zombane ezinokuqikelelwa. Iseli-ukuya{3}ukwahluka kweeseli kumthamo, ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi, kunye-nomlinganiselo wokuzikhupha uhlala uqina xa kuthelekiswa nesandla{5}}esele sipakishwe iiseli zeprismatic. Oku kuhambelana kwenza lula uyilo lwenkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri kwaye kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwepakethi{7}}yenqanaba.

Cylindrical Cells

Ubume be-cylindrical budala izibonelelo zendalo zokulahla ubushushu ezibaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo zamandla eziphezulu{0}. Xa iiseli zipakishwe kwiimodyuli zebhetri, izithuba phakathi kwe-cylindrical surfaces zenza iitshaneli zokujikeleza okupholileyo. Ezi ndlela zivumela iinkqubo zokupholisa ulwelo okanye ukuhanjiswa komoya ukufikelela ngaphezulu kwendawo yomphezulu weseli xa kuthelekiswa noyilo oluqinileyo{3}}olupakishweyo lweprismatic.

Ijiyometri engqukuva ikhuthaza ukwabiwa kwamaqondo obushushu ngaphakathi kwiseli nganye. Ubushushu obuveliswe kumbindi we-electrode ngexesha lokutshaja okanye ukukhutshwa kufuneka kuphume ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa ijeli roll layers ukuya kwicasing. Ngelixa iiseli ezinkulu zedayamitha zijongene nokwanda kokuxhathisa kwe-thermal kumaziko azo, i-cylindrical cross{2}}icandelo linciphisa iindawo ezishushu xa kuthelekiswa neeseli zeprismatic ezixande apho iikona ziqokelela ubushushu.

Ukulinganisa kwe-Thermal yeeseli ezingama-4680 kubonisa ukuba imathiriyeli yezindlu ze-aluminiyam iphucula ukusebenza okupholisayo kakhulu kune-nickel yesintu{1}}ecwecwe intsimbi. Ngexesha lokutshaja kwe-3C ekhawulezayo{4}, iicasing ze-aluminiyam zinciphisa ubushushu obuphezulu beseli malunga ne-11℃emva kwemizuzu eyi-10 xa kuthelekiswa neeseli zereferensi zentsimbi. Olu ncedo lobushushu lubonakala ngakumbi ngolungelelwaniso lokupholisa olusecaleni.

Ukupholisa okusisiseko kuchasene nokupholisa kodonga olusecaleni lubonisa uyilo lorhwebo. Kwiiseli ezingama-21700, ukupholisa kwesiseko kuhambisa malunga ne-12% yobushushu obukhulu bobushushu obulinganayo bomgangatho wobushushu xa kuthelekiswa neendlela ezisecaleni. Ukhetho lweqhinga lokupholisa luhlala luxhomekeke kuyilo lwepakethi{4}}ukuba uyilo luvumela isiseko esiphakamileyo{5}}ulungiselelo olupholileyo okanye lufuna unyawo olubanzi lokupholisa kwecango.

Iifomathi ze-cylindrical ezisemgangathweni zenza lula ukuyila inkqubo yokulawula i-thermal. Iinjineli zokupakisha ibhetri zinokumisela iimpawu zokuhambisa ubushushu kube kanye kwaye zisebenzise ezo parameters kwizigidi zeeseli. Oku kuqikelelwa kunciphisa ixesha lophuhliso kwaye kuvumela ukwenziwa koyilo lwepleyiti yokupholisa, ukusetyenziswa kwencama ye-thermal, kunye neepateni zokupholisa.

Iiseli ze-Cylindrical zinika amandla usetyenziso olwahlukileyo ngokungaqhelekanga, ukusuka kwizixhobo ze-milliwatt ukuya kwiinkqubo zemegawathi. Ii-elektroniki zabathengi zimele imarike yokuqala, kunye neeseli ze-18650 zisaxhaphakile kwiipakethi zebhetri zelaptop, iitotshi, kunye neebhanki zamandla eziphathwayo. Ubungakanani babo obusemgangathweni bubenza batshintshelwe kuzo zonke izixhobo, ukuxhasa inkqubo eyomeleleyo ye-ecosystem.

Izithuthi zombane zisebenzisa umthamo omkhulu weeseli ze-cylindrical namhlanje. Iipakethi zebhetri zikaTesla kwiimoto zeModel S ziqulethe malunga ne-7,000 nganye ye-18650 okanye iiseli ze-21700 ezicwangciswe kwiimodyuli ezineenkqubo zokupholisa kunye nokubeka iliso. I-Lucid Air Dream isebenzisa iiseli ezingama-6,600 ze-cylindrical 21700 ukuphumeza ipakethe ye-113 kWh. I-BMW ibhengeze ukuba iimodeli zayo ze-NEUE KLASSE ziya kwamkela iiseli ze-cylindrical ze-46mm ububanzi, kunye nezivumelwano ezixabisa amashumi eebhiliyoni zee-euro.

Izixhobo zamandla ziye zanda zamkela iiseli ze-21700 kumandla abo aphezulu okukhupha. Ipakethi yebhetri eyi-18V esemgangathweni isebenzisa iiseli ze-18650 ihambisa malunga ne-800W yemveliso, ngelixa iipakethi ezilinganayo ze-21700{{8}zisekwe kwi-1,440W-ukunyuka kwamandla ngama-80%. Oku kwenza izixhobo ezingenazintambo zihambelane okanye zigqithise ukusebenza kweentambo ezilinganayo.

Ukuphononongwa kwendawo kuxhomekeke kwiiseli ze-cylindrical kuba isakhiwo sazo esiqinileyo simelana noxinzelelo olunzima kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini. Inqwelo-ntaka ye-Mars Ingenuity kunye ne-Perseverance rover zombini zisebenza zisebenzisa iiseli ze-ion ze-cylindrical - ezisebenza ngokuthembekileyo nangona imeko ye-Martian inzima. Iimoto zomdyarho zeFormula E zisebenzisa iifomathi zeeseli ezifanayo, ezibonisa ukusebenza kwazo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.

Izixhobo zonyango, iisistim zenkxaso kaxakeka, kunye negridi{0}}isikali sogcino lwamandla lubandakanya iiseli zecylindrical. Irekhodi yabo eqinisekisiweyo yokhuseleko, ubomi bomjikelo omde (kaninzi budlula i-500 yentlawulo / imijikelo yokukhupha), kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nokuxhatshazwa koomatshini kubenza bafanelekele ubuthunywa -kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo apho ukusilela kuneziphumo ezibi.

Ubuninzi bamandla bumele i-metric yokusebenza engundoqo apho iiseli ze-cylindrical zikhuphisana ngokufanelekileyo. Iiseli ze-21700 ze-NMC zanamhlanje zifikelela kwi-250 - 300 Wh / kg kwinqanaba leseli, kunye ne-pack-level density ifikelela kwi-170-200 Wh / kg emva kokubalwa kwezakhiwo zemodyuli kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwe-thermal. Ifomathi ye-4680 ijolise kwi-244 Wh / kg ngokweenkcukacha zeTesla, nangona uvavanyo oluzimeleyo luya kuqinisekisa iziphumo zemveliso yorhwebo.

Ubuninzi bamandla bahlula iiseli ze-cylindrical ukusuka kwezinye iindlela zeprismatic kwizicelo ezithile. Kuba iiseli zecylindrical ziqhagamshelwe ngokunxuseneyo, zibonelela ngeendlela zangoku ezininzi ngeyure ye-amp{1}} yomthamo. Olu lwakhiwo luvumela amaxabiso okukhutshwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-35A kusetyenziso oluphezulu -lokukhupha amanzi. Udibaniso oluninzi olunxuseneyo lusasaza ukuveliswa kobushushu kuzo zonke iiseli ezininzi, kuthintela iiseli ezizimeleyo ekutshiseni ngokugqithisileyo ngexesha leemfuno eziphezulu zamandla.

Ubomi bomjikelezo buxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-chemistry, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye nobunzulu bokukhutshwa. Iiseli ze-LiFePO4 ze-cylindrical zinokudlula imijikelezo ye-2,000 ngelixa zigcina umthamo we-80%, zibenze zikhangeleke kwindawo yokugcina. Ikhemistri ye-NMC ihambisa ngokwesiqhelo imijikelo eyi-500-1,000 phantsi kweeprofayile zokusetyenziswa kweemoto ezinamazinga okutshaja axubeneyo kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi. I-casing eyomeleleyo ikhusela amacandelo angaphakathi kwixinzelelo lomatshini elithobisa ezinye iifomati.

Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kuchaphazela zombini ukusebenza kunye neempawu zokufudumeza. -eyilwe kakuhle iiseli zecylindrical zigcina ukuxhathisa okuphantsi ngodibaniso lwethebhu olulungisiweyo kunye nokuqokelelwa kwangoku. Uyilo lwetafile oluvezwe ngeeseli ze-4680 luphelisa iithebhu zendabuko, endaweni yoko ukudibanisa yonke i-electrode edge ngqo kwi-casing. Oku kunciphisa ukuxhathisa malunga ne-50% kwaye kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-thermal.

-amazinga okuzikhupha kumgangatho weeseli zecylindrical ahlala engaphantsi kwe-3% ngenyanga kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi. Isingxobo sentsimbi esitywiniweyo sithintela ukungena kokufuma kwaye sinciphise ukusabela okusecaleni okukhawulezisa ukwaluphala. Oluzinzo luvumela ubomi obude kwaye lwenza iiseli zecylindrical zilungele ngokungaqhelekanga{4}}ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zamandla ezigciniweyo.

Ukudibanisa iiseli ze-cylindrical kwiipakethe zebhetri ze-lithium ion zifuna ingqalelo ngononophelo kumatshini, umbane kunye noyilo lwe-thermal. Iiseli kufuneka zibekwe ngokukhuselekileyo ukuze zimelane nokungcangcazela kunye nokothuka ngelixa zigcina unxibelelwano lwe-thermal kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa.

Uyilo lwepakethi yebhetri idla ngokucwangcisa iiseli kuthotho{0}}ulungelelwaniso olunxuseneyo ukufikelela umbane ekujoliswe kuwo kunye nomthamo. Ipakethi yemoto yombane ye-400V inokusebenzisa iiseli ezingama-96 kuthotho (96S) ezineentambo ezininzi ezinxuseneyo ukufikelela kwiireyithingi zeyure ezifunekayo amp{5}}. Ukuba usebenzisa iiseli ezingama-21700 ezinomthamo we-5 Ah, ukufikelela kwi-100 kWh kufuna iiseli ezingama-20,000 kuqwalaselo lwe-96S208P.

Uqhagamshelo lweeseli luzisa imingeni yobunjineli ebalulekileyo. Itheminali nganye elungileyo kunye nengalunganga kufuneka idityaniswe kwiibhasi zebhasi okanye iipleyiti ezidityanisiweyo ezinokuxhathisa okungaguqukiyo. Iiwelds ezingalunganga zidala iindawo ezishushu kunye nokungalingani kwamandla ombane kwipakethi. I-laser ezenzekelayo okanye iinkqubo ze-welding ze-ultrasonic ziqinisekisa ukuphindaphinda, nangona zongeza ubunzima bokuvelisa xa kuthelekiswa neeseli zeprismatic ezifuna uqhagamshelo olumbalwa olupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yokulawula ibhetri ibeka iliso kwii-voltages zeseli nganye, amaqondo obushushu, kunye nemisinga ukugcina ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo. Kwiipakethi ezinamawaka eeseli zecylindrical, i-BMS kufuneka ilandelele iiyunithi ezininzi zomntu ngamnye xa kuthelekiswa noyilo olulinganayo lweprismatic. Oku kwandisa ubunzima benkqubo kunye neendleko, nangona iimodyuli ze-BMS zezakhiwo zinceda ukulawula isikali.

Ukupakishwa ngoomatshini beeseli zesilinda ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenzisa ukupakisha okuvala i-hexagonal{0}}ukunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle komthamo, nangona oku kusashiya malunga ne-10% yesithuba esingenanto phakathi kweeseli. Ezi zithuba zihlalisa iziteshi zokupholisa kodwa zinciphisa ukuxinana kwamandla xa kuthelekiswa neeseli zeprismatic ezifikelela kufutshane ne-100% yokusetyenziswa kwendawo. I-tradeoff phakathi kolawulo lwe-thermal kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-volumetric iimilo zokupakisha izigqibo ze-architecture.

Iseli -inqanaba lokudibanisa ibonelela ngokhuseleko kwiipakethi zesilinda. Ukuba iseli enye iyasilela, iifusi zomntu ngamnye ziyayihlukanisa kumtya, zivumela yonke ipakethe ukuba iqhubeke nokusebenza ngomthamo oncitshisiweyo. Oku kunyamezelwa kwempazamo kunzima ukufezekiswa ngeeseli ezinkulu-zefomati yeprismatic apho ukusilela kweseli enye{4}kunokuphazamisa iminqongo epheleleyo.

Ukhetho phakathi kweeseli zecylindrical kunye neprismatic lubandakanya urhwebo oluninzi lobugcisa kunye noqoqosho. Iiseli zePrismatic zibonelela ngokusetyenziswa kwendawo ephezulu, kunye nemilo yazo yoxande isusa izithuba phakathi komphezulu wecylindrical. Oku kuguqulela kwi-10-20% yobuninzi bomthamo wamandla aphezulu kwinqanaba lepakethi, ebaluleke kakhulu kuluhlu lwezithuthi kunye nendawo yomthwalo.

Nangona kunjalo, iiseli zeprismatic zibiza ngaphezulu ukwenza. Ifomathi yazo enkulu ifuna ukupakishwa okuchanekileyo okanye ukujija{1}}kunye{2}}kunye neenkqubo zokuthambisa ezisebenza ngokucothayo kune-cylindrical winding. Imilinganiselo elungiselelweyo yamaqonga eemoto ahlukeneyo athintela uqoqosho lwesikali, kunye nabavelisi bevelisa uthotho lweziyilo zeeseli zeprismatic ezahlukeneyo xa kuthelekiswa neefomathi ezisemgangathweni zecylindrical.

Ubunzima bolawulo lwe-Thermal buyohluka kakhulu. Iiseli zePrismatic zipakisha ngokuqinileyo kunye, zifuna iipleyiti zokupholisa phakathi kweeseli okanye ecaleni kwendawo yokupakisha. Ukutsalwa kobushushu kumaziko eseli kunika imingeni, ingakumbi kwiiseli ezinkulu- zeprismatic ezinkulu ezidlula umthamo we-100 Ah. Iiseli zeCylindrical ngokwendalo zisasaza ubushushu ngokusebenzisa -amacandelo amancinane azo kwaye zixhamle kwizikhewu ezenza ukuba kujikelezwe okupholileyo.

Ukwenziwa kwemilinganiselo yeziphene kuchaphazele ukuthembeka kwenkqubo. Iseli yeprismatic enye enesiphene ingabeka emngciphekweni imodyuli iyonke ngenxa yodibaniso lweeseli ezinkulu-ezinkulu. Iipakethe ze-Cylindrical zisasaza umthamo kumawaka eeseli, ngoko ke ukusilela komntu kunempembelelo encinci. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-cylindrical evuthiweyo iphinda ivelise iziphene ezimbalwa kwiseli nganye.

Umgangatho wefomathi yecylindrical yenza amatyathanga obonelelo aguquguqukayo. Abavelisi bepakethe yebhetri banokufumana iiseli ze-18650 okanye ze-21700 kubaboneleli abaninzi kwaye batshintshe abathengisi ukuba kuyimfuneko. Iiseli zePrismatic zihlala zifuna uyilo lwesiko elibotshelelwe kubaboneleli abathile, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokubonelela.

Ukususela kumbono wokulungisa kunye nokugcinwa, iipakethi ze-cylindrical zemodyuli zivumela ochwephesha ukuba bathathe indawo yeeseli okanye iimodyuli ezincinci. Uyilo lwepakethe yePrismatic luhlala lufuna ukutshintshwa kweemodyuli -zeseli, ukonyusa iindleko zenkonzo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiinqwelo zeenqwelo-mafutha apho ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kunye neendleko zokulungisa kuchaphazela iindleko ezipheleleyo zobunini.

Iiseli ze-Cylindrical zibandakanya iindlela ezininzi zokukhusela ukukhusela ukusilela okuyingozi. I-casing yensimbi inikezela umgca wokuqala wokukhusela, oqukethe amacandelo angaphakathi kunye nokugcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo phantsi koxinzelelo lomatshini. Izintlu zokukhulula uxinzelelo zisebenza ukuba uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ludlula imida ekhuselekileyo, lukhupha igesi ngaphambi kokuba iseli igqabhuke ngentlekele.

Izixhobo zangoku eziphazamisayo (CID) ziqhawula ngokusisigxina iseli ukuba uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lukhuphuka ngokuyingozi. I-membrane ebhityileyo iyaphuka kumanqanaba oxinzelelo axelwe kwangaphambili, ukwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni i-terminal eqinisekileyo kwi-cell internals. Oku kuthintela ukusabela okongezelelekileyo kwe-electrochemical kwaye kuphelisa umngcipheko wogqabhuko-dubulo, nangona iseli iba ingasebenzi umphelo.

I-geometry ye-cylindrical ngokwayo inegalelo ekukhuseleni. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluvela kwisizukulwana segesi lusasaza ngokulinganayo kwiindonga ezigobileyo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo. Iiseli zeprismatic ezixande zifumana uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiikona, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kutshintsho lwetyala okanye ukuvuza. Ubume obujikelezileyo buphinde bugcine ingqibelelo yesakhiwo ngexesha leziganeko zokubaleka kwe-thermal, ziqondise iigesi ezishushu ngokusebenzisa i-vent vent kunokophula i-casing.

Iisistim zolawulo lwebhetri zibonelela ngolawulo lokhuseleko lombane ngokubeka iliso kwivoltheji yeseli, yangoku, kunye nobushushu. Ukuba nayiphi na ipharamitha idlula imida ekhuselekileyo, i-BMS inokunciphisa intlawulo / intlawulo yokukhupha okanye ikhuphe ngokupheleleyo ipakethi kwimithwalo. Kwiiseli zecylindrical, ukujongwa kweeseli zomntu ngamnye kuvumela ukufunyanwa kwangoko kweeseli ezisilelayo ngaphambi kokuba zichaphazele abamelwane.

Ukubaleka kwe-Thermal{0}}eyona ndlela imbi ye-lithium{1}}yokusilela kwebhetri ye-ion{2}}ihlala iyinkxalabo kuzo zonke iifomati. Iiseli ze-Cylindrical ziqulathe amandla angaphantsi xa ewonke xa kuthelekiswa nenkulu-iiseli zeprismatic ezinkulu, ngoko ke iziganeko ezibalekayo ezishushu zikhupha ubushushu obuncinci. Ulwakhiwo oluninzi{6} lweseli luthetha ukuba iseli enye engena ibaleka ayiqalisi ngokukhawuleza ukusilela ukuba imiqobo yobushushu eyiyo yahlula iiseli.

Uvavanyo lokhuseleko lweshishini lubandakanya ukungena kwezikhonkwane, isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle, intlawulo egqithisileyo, ngaphezulu{0}}ukukhupha, kunye novavanyo lokuvezwa kobushushu obuphezulu-. Iiseli ze-cylindrical ezisemgangathweni ziphumelela ezi mvavanyo ngaphandle komlilo okanye ukuqhuma. I-casing yentsimbi kunye neempawu zokhuseleko zisebenza kunye ukukhusela iziphumo ezinobungozi nangona iiseli ziphathwa kakubi ngaphaya kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza.

Cylindrical Cells

Uyilo lweeseli zetafile lumele olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo lwamva nje kwitekhnoloji yeeseli zecylindrical. Iiseli zemveli zisebenzisa iithebhu -imigca yentsimbi ebhityileyo edityaniswe kwiziphelo ze-electrode{2}}ukuqhuba umji phakathi kwejeli kunye neetheminali. Ezi thebhu zenza ukumelana nombane kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu, ukunciphisa ukusebenza.

Uyilo lwetafile luphelisa ezi tabs ezidityanisiweyo ngokudibanisa yonke i-electrode edge ngqo kwi-cell casing kunye ne-cap. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu ubude bendlela yangoku kunye nokuchasana, ukuphucula ukusebenza kombane kunye ne-thermal. Iseli kaTesla's 4680 isebenzisa i-quasi-uyilo lwetafile olunciphisa ukuxhathisa malunga ne-50% xa kuthelekiswa neeseli ze-tabbed ezingama-21700.

Izingxobo ze-aluminiyam zibuyisela i-nickel yesintu{0}}intsimbi etyaliweyo kusetyenziso oluphezulu{1}}. I-Aluminiyam ephezulu ye-thermal conductivity (malunga nama-205 W/m·K xa ithelekiswa ne-50 W/m·K yentsimbi) yenza ukuba kutsalwe ubushushu obusebenzayo. Ubunzulu{{6}ukuzoba kunye nodonga{7}}iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwe-ayina zenza iinkonkxa ze-aluminiyam ezinodonga oluyi-0.75mm kunye neziseko eziyi-0.9mm, zigcina amandla omatshini ngelixa unciphisa ubunzima.

I-silicon -izinto eziphuculweyo ze-anode zithembisa ukuphuculwa koxinano lwamandla. Ukutshintsha enye igraphite ngesilicon kwandisa umthamo ngenxa yokuba isilicon igcina i-lithium eninzi ngeyunithi yobunzima. Nangona kunjalo, i-silicon yanda kakhulu ngexesha le-lithiation, idala uxinzelelo lomatshini kwi-jelly roll. Abavelisi baphuhlisa isilicon{4}}igraphite composite anode elungelelanisa iinzuzo zamandla ngokuchasene nemingeni yozinzo.

Iinkqubo zokugquma i-electrode ezomileyo zinokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo. Ukuveliswa kwe-electrode yesintu kufuna isinyibiliki{1}esekwe kwi-slurries ekufuneka yomiswe, itye amandla abalulekileyo. Ubuchule bokugquma okomileyo busebenzisa izinto ezisebenzayo ngaphandle kwezinyibilikisi, ukuphelisa amanyathelo okomisa kunye nokwenza i-electrode etyebileyo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamandla.

Ishishini liyaqhubeka lihlola iifomathi ezinkulu ze-cylindrical ngaphaya kwe-4680. Uphononongo lwethiyori luvavanya i-5070 kunye neeseli ze-6080, nangona imingeni yolawulo lwe-thermal inyuka ngobubanzi. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko ngokunciphisa ubalo lweeseli, kunye neempawu ezilawulekayo ze-thermal.

Imarike yeeseli ze-cylindrical ifikelele kwi-61.04 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwihlabathi jikelele ngo-2024, isuka kwi-39.02 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2023. Le ndlela yokukhula iyaqhubeka iqhutywa kukwamkelwa kwemoto yombane, ukuthunyelwa kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla, kunye nokwandisa izicelo kwizixhobo zamandla kunye nombane wabathengi.

Izithuthi zombane zimele oyena mqhubi wokukhula, kunye noqikelelo olucebisa ukuba imakethi yefomathi ye-cylindrical eyi-46xx ingafikelela kwi-82.22 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2031. Ii-automakers ezininzi ngaphaya kwe-Tesla zamkela iiseli ezinkulu{3}}zefomati yecylindrical, kuquka i-BMW's multi{4}}yeebhiliyoni zekhontrakthi ze-euro kunye ne-CATL kunye ne-EVE yemoto ye-EVESEUSESE.

Ukhuphiswano oluvela kwiiseli zeprismatic luqina njengoko abavelisi bekhulisa iinkqubo zabo zokuvelisa. Iifomathi zePrismatic zilawula imakethi ye-EV yaseTshayina kwaye ifumana umdla kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, iiseli zecylindrical zigcina izibonelelo kwiimarike ezimiselweyo apho amakhonkco okubonelela, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye noyilo lweepakethi ziye zaphuculwa kumashumi eminyaka.

I-Chemistry evolution ibumba amandla emarike. I-Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) iiseli zesilinda zifumana isabelo semarike ngenxa yeendleko zemathiriyeli ezisezantsi kunye nokhuseleko olomeleziweyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-nickel{1}}esekelwe kwiikhemistri. Ngelixa i-LFP inikezela ngoxinaniso lwamandla asezantsi, inzuzo yayo yeendleko kunye nobomi bomjikelo obugqwesileyo buyenza ibe nomtsalane kwizithuthi zorhwebo kunye nokugcinwa okumileyo apho imiqobo yendawo ibalulekile ngaphantsi kweendleko zenkqubo iyonke.

Uphuhliso lwebhetri yemeko eSolid{0} lunokuphazamisa i-cylindrical cellarchitectures. I-electrolyte eqinile isusa i-electrolyte engamanzi, enokuthi ivumele ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwandiswa koomatshini ngexesha lokutshaja kubangela imingeni kwisakhiwo sejeli yenxeba esetyenziswa kwiiseli zecylindrical. Abanye abaphandi bacebise{4}}iteknoloji yelizwe eqinileyo inokukhetha iifomati zeprismatic okanye zepouch.

Ubume obusemgangathweni beeseli ze-cylindrical zibonelela ngokuzinzileyo ngokuchasene noshintsho oluphazamisayo. Njengoko iikhemistri ezintsha kunye neefomati zeseli zivela, isiseko esikhulu esifakelweyo sezixhobo kunye nezithuthi ezisebenzisa iiseli ze-cylindrical ziqinisekisa ukuveliswa okuqhubekayo kokutshintshwa kunye nezicelo ze-aftermarket.

Iiseli ze-Cylindrical zisebenzisa isakhiwo se-jelly roll yenxeba ngaphakathi kwetoti yesinyithi engqukuva, ngelixa iiseli zeprismatic zisebenzisa nokuba zipakishwe okanye zinxeba{0}}kunye{1}}nee-electrode ezicandisiweyo kwi-casing enguxande. Ifomathi ye-cylindrical inikezela ngokuchithwa kobushushu obungcono kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa ngenxa yemveliso ezenzekelayo, kodwa iiseli zeprismatic zifezekisa ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ephezulu kwiipakethi zebhetri.

Ubomi bomjikelezo buxhomekeke kwikhemistri kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa. I-Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) iiseli zecylindrical zihambisa i-2,000-3,000 imijikelo phambi kokuba umthamo wehle ukuya kuma-80%. Iiseli zekhemistri ze-NMC zibonelela nge-500-1,000 imijikelo kwizicelo zeemoto. Ubomi bekhalenda buhlala budlula iminyaka eyi-10 xa bugcinwe kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi angaphantsi kwama-25 degrees.

Iiseli ezincinci ze-cylindrical zibonelela ngeenzuzo kulawulo lwe-thermal, ukukhula kokuvelisa, kunye nokunyamezela iimpazamo. Izikhewu phakathi kweeseli zenza ukuba kuphole okusebenzayo, iifomati ezisemgangathweni ziphakamisa uqoqosho lwesikali, kwaye ukusilela kweeseli zomntu ngamnye akubeki esichengeni yonke ipakethe. Nangona kunjalo, umkhwa oya kwiifomati ezinkulu njengeeseli ezingama-4680 zijolise ekunciphiseni ubalo lweeseli ngelixa ugcina ezi zibonelelo.

Iiseli ze-cylindrical ezisemgangathweni zibandakanya iimpawu zokhuseleko ezininzi ezibandakanya ii-vents zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, izixhobo zangoku eziphazamisayo, kunye ne-casings yentsimbi eyomeleleyo. Xa yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokweenkcukacha, ukusilela okuyintlekele kunqabile kakhulu. Iisistim zolawulo lwebhetri zibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo ngokuthintela ukutshajiswa kakhulu, ngaphezulu{2}}ukukhupha, kunye neemeko zokutshisa kakhulu.

Cylindrical Cells

Ifomati yeseli ye-cylindrical ibonakalise ukuguquguquka ngokumangalisayo, ukusuka kwiibhetri zelaptop ukuya kwizithuthi ezinamandla kunye neenkqubo zokugcina igridi. Ngelixa iindlela ezizezinye zeprismatic kunye nepouch zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezithile, indibaniselwano yokusebenza ngempumelelo, amandla olawulo lobushushu, kunye namashumi eminyaka yokuphucula igcina iiseli zecylindrical zikhuphisana kwizicelo ezininzi. Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweefomathi ezinkulu, iikhemistri eziphuculweyo, kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa obuphambili bucebisa iiseli zecylindrical ziya kuhlala zingundoqo kwizisombululo zokugcina amandla kwiminyaka ezayo, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezixabisa ukuthembeka, indleko{2}}ukusebenza, kunye nokusebenza okungqiniweyo ngaphezulu kobuchule bomthamo omkhulu.