Yintoni iCell Balancing?

Ukulinganisa iiseli kulinganisa amandla ombane kunye nemeko yentlawulo kwiiseli nganye kwipakethi yebhetri. Le nkqubo inqanda ezinye iiseli ekubeni zingatshaji kakhulu ngelixa ezinye zihlala zingahlawuliswanga, nto leyo inqanda umthamo osetyenziswayo wepakethi kwaye ikhawulezisa ukuthotywa.

Ubuchwephesha busebenza ngokuyintloko kwi-lithium ion ibhetri yokucwangcisa ibhetri apho iiseli zidibanisa kuthotho. Xa iseli enye ifikelela kumda wombane ngexesha lokutshaja okanye ukukhupha, yonke ipakethe kufuneka iyeke ukusebenza{1}}nokuba ezinye iiseli zinomthamo oseleyo.

Ukwenziwa kweeyantlukwano zenza iiseli ezinomthamo owahluke kancinane, uthintelo, kunye -nomlinganiselo wokuzikhupha. Nditsho neeseli ezivela kwibhetshi enye yemveliso zibonisa lo mahluko. Intlawulo ephinda-phindayo-imijikelo yokukhupha, ezi zahluko zincinci zidibanisa ukungalingani okubalulekileyo.

Ipakethi engalungelelananga inokuhambisa i-10% ngaphantsi komthamo we-nameplate kumjikelo ngamnye, ukutshixa amandla ahlawulelwa ngabasebenzisi ngelixa besandisa ukuthotywa kwiseli nganye. Izibalo zithe ngqo: kwinkqubo ye-1000 kWh ene-100 series cells, ukuba iseli enye ihleli kwi-90% yentlawulo ngelixa ezinye zifikelela kwi-100%, yonke ipakethe inokufikelela kuphela kwi-900 kWh nangona igcina i-999 kWh.

Iqondo lobushushu liyenza mandundu ingxaki. Iiseli ezikufutshane neemoto okanye i-electronics zifumana amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo etshintsha i-chemistry yangaphakathi ngokwahlukileyo kuneeseli ezipholileyo. Lo mba wokusingqongileyo udala ukungalingani okuqhubekayo nasemva kokulungelelaniswa kokuqala.

Iiseli ezingalungelelananga zinokunciphisa ubomi bepakethi yebhetri ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%, ngakumbi kwiikhemistri ezifana ne-LiFePO4 okanye i-NMC. Eyona seli ibuthathaka imisela ukuba ukutshaja kufuneka kume nini kwaye xa ukukhupha kubetha umda wayo -isenzeko iinjineli zibiza "weakest link" effect.

Iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ziqhuba iiseli ngaphandle kokulingana kwi-aibhetri ye-lithium ion pack:

Umahluko wemeko yentlawulozivela xa iiseli ziqala ngamanqanaba entlawulo angalinganiyo ngexesha lokudityaniswa okanye ziphuhlisa-amazinga okuzikhupha awahlukeneyo. Iseli ekhupha i-0.1% ngokukhawuleza kunabamelwane bayo iya kukhukuliseka i-4.4% ngaphantsi emva kwemijikelezo ephindaphindiweyo, njengoko kubhaliwe kuphando lwekhemistri yebhetri.

Ukungahambelani komthamokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba akukho ziseli zimbini zinesakhono sokugcina amandla afanayo. Iinkqubo zokuvelisa zenza iiseli ezine-2-5% yokwahlukana kwamandla nangaphakathi kweenkcazo eziqinileyo. Njengoko iiseli ziguga ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo, lo mahluko uyanda.

Iinguqu ze-impedanceyenza ukuba iiseli ziphendule ngokwahlukileyo ekuhambeni kwangoku. Ukuchasana okuphezulu kwangaphakathi kwezinye iiseli kuthetha ukuba bafikelela kwimida yamandla ombane kwakamsinya ngexesha lokutshaja kwaye behle kwii-cutoff voltages ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokukhutshwa.

Ukuba i-voltage ephezulu yokutshaja igqithwe nge-10% kuphela, izinga lokuthotywa linyuka nge-30%. Olu nxulumano olucacileyo phakathi kombane kunye nokuthotywa kwenza ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lubaluleke kakhulu kubomi obude.

Cell Balancing

I-Pasisive balancing isusa amandla agqithisileyo ukusuka phezulu{0}}iiseli ezihlawuliweyo ngokuwachitha njengobushushu ngezixhasi. Inkqubo ijonga amandla ombane weseli nganye kwaye ivule izichasi zokudlula ukopha kwiiseli ezingaphezulu komgangatho ekujoliswe kuwo.

I-hardware ithe ngqo: iseli nganye iqhagamshela kwi-shunt resistor ngokutshintsha, ngokuqhelekileyo i-MOSFET. Xa isixokelelwano solawulo lwebhetri sibona amandla ombane weseli ogqitha umgubasi, ivala eso sitshixo seseli, ihambisa ngoku kwi-resistor de i-voltages ilingane.

Iiparamitha zokusebenza: Iisistim eziqhelekileyo zokwenziwa zisebenzisa imisinga yokugqitha phakathi kwe-50-200 mA. Ixabiso le-bancing resistor limisela ukuba intlawulo egqithileyo ikhawuleza kangakanani ukutshabalalisa{4}}amaxabiso aqhelekileyo aqala kwi-20-100 ohms ye-lithium-ion application.

Indlela isebenza kakuhle ngexesha lokutshaja xa ipakethe inomthombo wamandla wangaphandle. Kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ezizikhuphayo-eziphantsi kakhulu, apho ukungalingani okuqokelelekayo kumjikelo ngamnye kukholisa ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-0.1%, i-bypass current yee-FET zangaphakathi zanele ukugcina ipakethi ilungelelene ngokuqhubekayo.

Iingenelo: Ixabiso eliphantsi, ukujikeleza okulula, kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kwenza ukulinganisa okuqhelekileyo kukhetho oluqhelekileyo lwe-elektroniki yabathengi kunye neepakethi ezincinci zebhetri. Amacandelo adibanisa ngokulula kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo zolawulo lwebhetri ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu loyilo.

Ukulinganiselwa: Inkunkuma yamandla yeyona nto ibuyisela umva-100% yentlawulo egqithileyo iguqulelwa kubushushu kunokuba idluliselwe kwiiseli eziphelileyo. Oku kunciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo iyonke kwaye kunciphisa ulungelelwaniso lokwenziwa kwezicelo apho ixesha lingathintelwanga. Ngexesha lokukhupha, i-passive balancing inciphisa ixesha lokusebenza kuba isusa kuphela amandla kunokuba isasazeke kwakhona.

Utshintshelo olusebenzayo lokudluliselwa kwentlawulo ukusuka phezulu{0}kwiseli zevoltage ukuya ezantsi{1}}iiseli zevoltage zisebenzisa amandla ombane. Endaweni yokuchitha amandla njengobushushu, le nkqubo iwafudusela apho afuneka khona.

Izinto ezintathu ezingundoqo ezijongene nokudluliselwa kwentlawulo:

Ukuhamba ngecapacitiveisebenzisa ii-capacitors njengokugcinwa kwamandla okwethutyana. Inkqubo iqhagamshela i-capacitor kwiseli ephezulu-yevoltage, iyihlawulise, emva koko iyitshintshele kwiseli esezantsi{2}}yevoltage ukuze ikhuphe. Oku kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo de iiseli zilingane. Indlela isebenza kakuhle kwiiseli ezikufutshane kodwa ingasebenzi kakuhle kumgama omde kwipakethi.

I-inductive balancingusebenzisa i-inductors okanye ii-transformers ukuhambisa amandla phakathi kweeseli. D Uphando lwakutsha nje lubonisa indlela yokulinganisa i-hybrid duty cycle balancing efikelelwe ukulinganisa kwiiyure ze-6.0 xa kuthelekiswa neeyure ze-9.2 kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lokutshaja.

I-Bidirectional DC{0}}iziguquli zeDCnikezela ngeyona ndlela iguquguqukayo, evumela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kulo naliphi na icala phakathi kwazo naziphi na iiseli ezikwipakethi okanye phakathi kweeseli zomntu ngamnye kunye nepakethi iphela. Le topology iphatha imisinga enkulu yangoku{1}}iinkqubo zangoku zixhasa i-2.5-10A yokulinganisa imisinga ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo lwesiguquli.

Imeko-yo-Ulungelelwaniso olusekwe kwi-algorithms luphucule umthamo osebenzisekayo nge-16% xa kuthelekiswa neepakethe ngaphandle kokulinganisa. Indlela entsha yokwenza ibhalansi ye-SoP esekwe kumandla okwenene endaweni yombane okanye imeko yentlawulo, engqina ukuba isebenza ngokukodwa kwiibhetri ezindala ezinesakhono esahlukileyo.

Imilinganiselo yokusebenza: Iisistim ezisebenzayo zikholisa ukufikelela kwi-85{2}}95% yokuhanjiswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuntsokotha kubandakanya amacandelo amaninzi{3}}iiswitshi, ii-inductors, ii-capacitors, kunye nolawulo lokujikeleza-nto leyo eyandisa iindleko kunye neemfuno zesithuba somzimba.

Ukusetyenziswa nini ukulinganisa okusebenzayo: Iipakethi ezinkulu zebhetri kwizithuthi zombane, iinkqubo zokugcina igridi, kunye nezixhobo zoshishino zithethelela iindleko eziphezulu. Ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kunye namaxesha okulinganisa ngokukhawuleza abonelela ngembuyekezo engcono kutyalo-mali xa umthamo wepakethi ungaphezu kwe-10 kWh okanye xa uguqulo olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile ekusebenzeni.

Inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri imisela ukuba nini kwaye ngokungqongqo kangakanani ukulinganisa iiseli ngokusekwe kwiiparamitha ezininzi:

I-Voltage{0}esekelwe kwi-bancingzixhokonxa xa umahluko wombane weseli udlula umgubasi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngu-10 -50 mV kwiikhemistri ze-lithium-ion. I-BMS ichonga owona mbane weseli usezantsi, emva koko ibhalansise zonke iiseli kuluhlu oluchaziweyo lobo buncinane. Le ndlela ilula isebenza ngokuthembekileyo kodwa ayithatheli ngqalelo umahluko wamandla phakathi kweeseli.

Imo yentlawulo yokulinganisaisebenzisa ii-algorithms zoqikelelo lwe-SOC ukumisela inqanaba lentlawulo yeseli nganye ngokunxulumene nobuninzi bayo. Le ndlela ingqina ichanekile kuneendlela zombane{1}ezisekwe kwi-voltage kuba ibala ukohluka komthamo. Ibhalansi ye-BMS ukuya kwiipesenti ezilinganayo ze-SOC kuneevolthi ezilinganayo.

Imeko yokulinganisa amandlaimele eyona ndlela intsha, ingakumbi ehambelana nobudala beebhetri. Le ndlela ifanele iibhetri ezindala ezinesakhono ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuba ibhalansi isekwe kwintlawulo yokwenyani kunokuxhomekeka kuphela kwipesenti yeSOC okanye kumaxabiso ombane.

Ixesha libalulekile: ukulinganisa ngexesha lokutshaja kwenza eyona ngqiqo kwiisistim zokungenzi nto kuba umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukhona. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zinokulinganisela ngexesha lokutshaja, ukukhupha, okanye ukuphumla. Olunye uyilo oluphambili lwe-BMS luphumeza ulungelelwaniso oluqhubekayo, luhlengahlengisa iintlawulo zeseli nanini na xa ipakethe isebenza.

Uqwalaselo imida: Qalisa ukulinganisa amandla ombane ngokuqhelekileyo kusetha malunga ne-3.5V kwiiseli ze-lithium iron phosphate, ebonisa malunga ne-5-10% yesimo sentlawulo. Uwona mahluko omkhulu wombane phakathi kweeseli udla ngokujolisa kwi-10 mV, nangona ezinye iinkqubo zisebenzisa i-20 mV ukulungelelanisa isixa esikhulu esikhawulezayo ngaphambi kokucokisa ukuya kukunyamezelana okungqongqo.

Izithuthi zombane zibonelela ngezona mfuno zinzima zokulinganisa iiseli ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu ombane, iqondo lobushushu elibanzi, kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha intlawulo rhoqo-.

Ipakethi yebhetri yeEV eqhelekileyo iqulathe 96-400 iiseli kuthotho, rhoqo zicwangciswe ngokwemodyuli ezingama-24 ezinxuseneyo{4}}iiseli eziqhagamshelweyo. Iiseli ezihambelanayo ngaphakathi kwimodyuli nganye ngokwendalo, kodwa iimodyuli ezidityanisiweyo zochungechunge zifuna ulawulo olusebenzayo.

Imarike yokulinganisa iiseli esebenzayo ifikelele kwi-1.41 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2024 kunye nokukhula kweeprojekthi nge-18.2% ngonyaka ukuya ku-2033. Olu lwando luhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nemveliso yemoto yombane kwihlabathi jikelele, ngakumbi e-Asia apho i-China, i-Japan, kunye ne-South Korea zikhokela zombini kwimveliso kunye nokwamkelwa.

Iimfuno zokusebenza: Iinkqubo zokulinganisa i-EV kufuneka zibambe iiseli ze- 100+, zisebenze kuluhlu lweqondo lokushisa ukusuka kwi-20℃ukuya kwi-60 degree, kwaye ziphendule ngemizuzwana kwiimfuno zamandla ezikhawulezayo ngexesha lokukhawuleza kunye nokunyanyiswa kokuvuselela.

Uqinisekiso lovavanyo lwe-top-bancing topology topologies lufezekiseke kwi-SOC convergence malunga nemizuzwana engama-400 kuthotho-lokupakishwa kweeseli ngexesha lokukhupha. Ukukala oku kwimveliso yeepakethi ze-EV ezine 96+ iiseli kufuna ubugocigoci bolawulo lwe-algorithms kunye -nokusebenza okuphezulu kwamandla ombane.

Ishishini leemoto ikakhulu lisebenzisa ibhalansi yokwenziwa nangona iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zisebenza kakuhle. Uvakalelo lweendleko kwizithuthi zabathengi, zidityaniswe nolungelelwaniso olwaneleyo lwe-passive kuninzi lweepatheni zokuqhuba, lwenza indlela elula enomtsalane kwezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, ii-EVs zokusebenza eziphezulu- kunye nezithuthi zorhwebo ziye zamkela ulungelelwaniso olusebenzayo kwiinzuzo zazo zokusebenza kakuhle.

Cell Balancing

Ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lweeseli kwandisa ubomi bebhetri ngeendlela ezininzi:

Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwiiseli zomntu ngamnye: Xa zonke iiseli zisebenza kufutshane ne-SOC enye, akukho seli enye ifumana i-overcharge ephindaphindiweyo okanye iziganeko ezinzulu zokukhutshwa. Olu nyango lufanayo lucotha ukufiphala kwamandla kuyo yonke ipakethe.

Ulawulo lobushushu: Iiseli ezilungeleleneyo zivelisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obufanayo. Iipakethi ezingalinganiyo ziphuhlisa iindawo ezishushu apho iiseli ezigqithisiweyo zichitha amandla amaninzi, zenze i-gradients ezishisayo ezikhawuleza ukuguga kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo.

Ukuthotyelwa kombane: Ukugcina iiseli ngaphakathi koluhlu lwamandla ombane afanelekileyo kuthintela ukubunjwa kwe-lithium yesinyithi kwi-anode ngexesha lokutshaja kakhulu kwaye kuthintele ukunyibilika kobhedu ngexesha lokukhutshwa ngaphezulu{0}}. Zombini iimeko zinciphisa ngokusisigxina umthamo weeseli.

Iipakethi zebhetri ezineeseli-ezingqamane kakuhle kunye nolungelelwaniso olululo zibonisa ulungelelwaniso olomeleleyo phakathi kwebhalansi yeseli kunye nobomi obude, kunye nomthamo ongahambelaniyo we-12% obangela ukuba ukusebenza kukhulu kucuthe kwimijikelo eyi-18.

Iimpembelelo zokhuseleko zandisa ngaphaya kokusebenza:

Iiseli ze-lithium ezigcweleyo zisemngciphekweni wokubaleka kwe-thermal{0}}itsheyini yokusabela apho ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kubangela ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezivelisa ubushushu obuninzi. I-positive feedback loop ingakhokelela kumlilo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo. Ukulinganisa iiseli kuthintela iiseli zomntu ekufikeleleni kwiimeko ezinobungozi zokugqithiswa kwe-overvoltage nokuba ezinye iiseli ezikwipakethi zihlala kumanqanaba akhuselekileyo.

Iimpawu ezilumkiso ezibonakalayo zokungalingani okukhulu ziquka ukudumba kweeseli, ukuveliswa kobushushu ngexesha lokutshaja, kunye nokuhla kwamandla ombane ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ezi mpawu zibonisa ukuba ipakethe ifuna inkonzo ekhawulezileyo okanye ukutshintshwa ukuze kuthintelwe iziganeko zokhuseleko.

Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa zifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa:

Ii-elektroniki zabathengi(iifowuni, ii-laptops, izixhobo zamandla): Ukulinganisa i-Passive kwanele kwiipakethi ezingaphantsi kwe-24V kunye neeseli ze-6-8 kwichungechunge. Ixabiso eliphantsi lihambelana nobuntununtunu bexabiso lesicelo, kunye namaxesha okutshaja abonelela ngexesha elaneleyo leenkqubo ze-passive ukulinganisa iiseli.

Izithuthi zombane: Ulungelelwaniso olusebenzayo luba yindleko{0}}esebenzayo kwiipakethi ezingaphezulu kwe-400V kunye namakhulu eeseli. Ulungelelwaniso olukhawulezayo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kuthethelela ukuntsonkotha okongeziweyo kwe-elektroniki.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla egridi: Iinkqubo ezinkulu zebhetri ezigcina imegawathi{0}}iiyure zamandla zifuna ulungelelwaniso oluphucukileyo olusebenzayo. Imakethi yenkqubo yokulinganisa iiseli zebhetri ifikelele kwi-1.82 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2024 kwaye iiprojekthi zokukhula kwe-18.7% ngo-2033, ziqhutywa ikakhulu lusetyenziso -lokusetyenziswa kogcino.

I-aerospace kunye nezixhobo zonyango: Ezi zicelo zifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwaye zihlala zikhankanya ulungelelwaniso olusebenzayo nokuba zithini na iindleko. Iziphumo zokusilela kwebhetri kwinqwelomoya okanye ubomi{1}kwizixhobo zenkxaso zithethelela izisombululo zeprimiyamu.

Iifilosofi ezimbini zikhokela indlela iinjineli ezibeka ngayo iithagethi zokulinganisa:

Ukulinganisa okuphezuluilinganisa iiseli xa zihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo, ziqinisekisa ukuba zonke iiseli zifikelela kwi-100% SOC ngaxeshanye. Le ndlela yokwandisa umthamo okhoyo ngexesha lomjikelo ngamnye wokukhupha. E{{3}ibhayisekile kunye neenkqubo zokugcina ilanga zihlala zisebenzisa ibhalansi ephezulu kuba abasebenzisi bakhetha ukufumaneka komthamo ogcweleyo kunokukhusela ekukhutshelweni okunzulu.

Ukulinganisa okusezantsiilinganisa iiseli kwiindawo eziphantsi zentlawulo, iqinisekisa ukuba zonke iiseli zifika zingenanto ngaxeshanye. Esi sicwangciso sibonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono kumonakalo ongaphezulu{1}}okhutshiweyo kwaye lusebenza kakuhle kwizicelo ezinemijikelo engekho nzulu rhoqo kunokukhutshwa okunzulu.

Ukhetho luxhomekeke kwiipatheni zokusetyenziswa kunye nezinto eziphambili. Izicelo ezigxininisa umthamo (njengezithuthi zombane ezinoluhlu lwamaxhala) zikhetha ulungelelwaniso oluphezulu. Izicelo ezibeka phambili ubomi obude kunye nokhuseleko (njengeenkqubo zamandla ezigcinayo) zihlala zikhetha ukulinganisa okusezantsi.

Ezinye iinkqubo eziphucukileyo zisebenzisa iindlela ezixubeneyo, zilungelelanisa kuzo zombini iindawo ezizeleyo nezingenanto zokwandisa umthamo kunye nobomi obude.

Uphando olupapashwe ngo-2024-2025 lubonisa iindlela ezininzi ezivelayo:

Ukudibanisa ukufunda koomatshini: Uphononongo lwakutsha nje ludibanisa ulungelelwaniso olusebenzayo kunye nemifuziselo yokufunda koomatshini ukuqikelela ubomi obuluncedo obuseleyo, kusetyenziswa R{0}}imposiso ephindwe kabini kunye nentsingiselo yeemetrics ukuvavanya ii-algorithms zengqikelelo ezisixhenxe ezahlukeneyo. Oku kudityaniswa kuvumela ulungelelwaniso olusebenzayo olusekwe kwiipateni zokuguga kweeseli eziqikelelweyo.

Uyilo lwamacandelo ancitshisiweyo: Inductor yenoveli -esekelwe kwiisekethe zolungelelaniso zisebenzisa amanani okutshintsha ancitshisiweyo abonisa ukusebenza nge--i-hardware yexesha lokwenyani{2}}kwi{3}}lophu yokulinganisa kwi-OPAL{4}}iinkqubo ze-RT 5700. Ezi topology zenziwe lula iindleko ezisezantsi ngelixa ugcina ukusebenza.

AI{0}esekelwe kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri: Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lujolise kwiinkqubo ezisebenzisa{0}}idatha yexesha lokwenyani lokujongwa ngaphandle kwamacingo, ukunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo kwimpilo yebhetri, iSOC, kunye nokubona iimpazamo. Injongo kukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla ngelixa uqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo.

Imeko-ye{1}}i-algorithms zamandla: Ukuhamba ngaphaya kwamandla ombane kunye -neendlela ezisekwe kwi-SOC, ii-algorithms ezintsha ziqwalasela isakhono sonikezelo lwamandla kwiseli nganye. Oku kubonakala kuxabiseke ngakumbi njengoko ubudala beebhetri kunye neempawu zeeseli zohlukana kwiinkcukacha zazo zantlandlolo.

Imarike yehlabathi yokulinganisa iiseli ye-IC ifikelele kwi-1.32 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2024, ngokukhula okuqikelelweyo ukuya kwi-2.51 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2033 nge-7.4% yezinga lokukhula konyaka. Oku kwandiswa kwemarike kubonisa ukonyuka kobunkunkqele kwizisombululo zokulinganisa kuwo onke amacandelo ezicelo.

Iinjineli eziyila iipakethi zebhetri kufuneka zilungelelanise izinto ezininzi:

Ulungelelaniso lwangoku vs isantya: Imisinga ephezulu yokulinganisa ilinganisa iiseli ngokukhawuleza kodwa ivelisa ubushushu obuninzi kwaye ifuna amacandelo omelele ngakumbi. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zivela kwi-50 mA kwiinkqubo ezincinci ze-passive ukuya kwi-10A kwiinkqubo ezinkulu ezisebenzayo.

Ukukhetha icandelo: Ii-MOSFET zolungelelaniso lwe-passive zifuna amanqaku akhoyo afanelekileyo kwaye ziphantsi-ukuxhathisa. Ukulinganisa okusebenzayo kufuna i-inductor enononophelo kunye nokukhethwa kwe-capacitor ukufezekisa amanqanaba okusebenza okujoliswe kuko ngelixa ulawula ubungakanani kunye nemiqobo yeendleko.

Ulawulo lobushushu: Nokuba ukulinganisa okukwenziwayo kuvelisa ubushushu ekufuneka buphele ngaphandle kokuchaphazela iiseli ezikufutshane. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zivelisa ubushushu obuncinane kwiseli nganye kodwa zibugxininise kumbane wombane odinga ukupholisa okuzinikeleyo.

Ukudityaniswa kweBMS: I-hardware yokulinganisa kufuneka inxibelelane nenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri iyonke, ukwabelana nge-voltage kunye nedatha yeqondo lokushisa ngelixa ufumana imiyalelo yokulawula. Iiprothokholi eziqhelekileyo ezifana nebhasi ye-CAN iququzelela olu hlanganiso.

Iimetriki ezininzi zivavanya ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokulungelelanisa:

Ixesha lokulinganisa: Kude kube nini ukuzisa zonke iiseli ngaphakathi kombane ekujoliswe kuwo okanye kuluhlu lweSOC. Iisistim ezingenzi nto zifuna iiyure, ngelixa iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zifikelela kwimizuzu ukuya kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima bokungalingani.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla: Yeyiphi ipesenti yamandla asasazwe ngokutsha afikelela ngaphantsi-iiseli ezihlawuliweyo ngokuchasene nokuchitha njengelahleko. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zifezekisa i-85-95%, iinkqubo ze-passive zisondela kwi-0% ngenkcazo kuba zichitha kuphela.

Ugcino lwesakhono: Ngaba isicwangciso sokulinganisa sigcina umthamo wepakethi kumakhulu emijikelo? -Iinkqubo eziyilwe kakuhle zibonisa ngaphantsi kwe-5% ilahleko yomthamo ngaphezu kwe-500 imijikelo kwiimeko zokusebenza ezicetyiswayo.

Ukunyuka kobushushu ngexesha lokulinganisa: Ukufudumeza okugqithisileyo kubonisa ukuba uyilo lwe-thermal olunganelanga okanye iiparamitha zokulinganisa ezifuna ukulungiswa.

Iiprothokholi zokuvavanya zihlala zibandakanya ukudala ukungalingani kwangabom, emva koko kulinganiswe ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo indlela inkqubo elungisa ngayo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobushushu kunye nomthwalo.

Imigibe emininzi iyanciphisa ukusebenza kokulungelelanisa:

Imimiselo engafanelekanga: Ukuseta umahluko omkhulu wombane omncinci kakhulu kudala imeko yomdyarho apho iBMS ihlala itshintsha phakathi kweeseli ngaphandle kokuqhubela phambili. Iisistim ezininzi zisebenza ngcono nge-10-20 mV thresholds kunokuzama ukuchaneka kwe-sub-5 mV.

Ukulinganisa ngexesha lokukhutshwa kunye neenkqubo zokumisa: Oku kumosha umthamo webhetri ngokuchitha amandla anokuthi anike amandla umthwalo. Ulungelelwaniso olungenakwenziwa kufuneka lwenzeke ikakhulu ngexesha lokutshaja okanye lokuphumla.

Ukungahoyi iziphumo zobushushu: Amandla ombane weeseli ahluka ngokweqondo lobushushu, kwaye ukulinganisa ngokusekwe kwimilinganiselo yombane ngaphandle kwembuyekezo yobushushu kukhokelela kwiimpazamo. Uyilo lweBMS olusemgangathweni lubandakanya izinto zokulungiswa kobushushu.

Ngaphezulu{0}}ukuxhomekeka ekulinganiseni: Ukulinganisa kuyanceda kodwa akulungisi iingxaki ezingundoqo ezifana neeseli ezisileleyo okanye ukuthotywa kwesakhono esimandla. Xa iiseli zinokwahluka ngaphezulu kwe-15-20% yesakhono, ulungelelwaniso lodwa aluyi kubuyisela ukutshintshwa kwepakethi yokusebenza kweeseli kuba yimfuneko.

Ukungonelanga kokulungelelanisa: Iimveliso zabathengi ngamanye amaxesha ziphosa amandla okulinganisa ukunciphisa iindleko, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni umthamo kunye nokusilela kwangaphambili. Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kunye neemoto ngokuqhelekileyo kuchaza ulungelelwaniso olomeleleyo ukuqinisekisa ubomi obude.

Ngelixa i-lithium -izicelo ze-ion zilawula iingxoxo zokulinganisa iiseli, iikhemistri ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukileyo:

I-Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4): Ijiko lamandla ombane athe tyaba ngexesha lomjikelo wentlawulo yenza amandla ombane {{0}okulungelelaniswa okusekwe kungasebenzi kakuhle. I-SOC -esekwe kwii-algorithms zisebenza ngcono, nangona i-LiFePO4 iphezulu yokuzikhupha{4}} xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iikhemistri ze-lithium kufuna ukulungelelanisa rhoqo.

I-Nickel manganese cobalt (NMC): Umgca wokukhutshwa kwegophe kunye namandla ombane acacileyo{0}}ubudlelwane be-SOC benza omabini amandla ombane{1} asekwe kunye ne-SOC{2}}esekelwe ukulinganisa ukusebenza. Ubushushu bobushushu bufuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwe-thermal ngexesha lokulinganisa.

Lead-iibhetri zeasidi: Ezi bhetri zigrumbu zinyamezela ezinxuseneyo-iiseli zereservoir ezidityanisiweyo ukuze zingqinelane. Ukomelela kwekhemistri kuvumela iindlela ezilula, cruder balancing kunelithium{2}}imvume yeebhetri zeion.

Iimpawu zombane zekhemistri nganye, ubuntununtunu beqondo lobushushu, kunye nemida yokhuseleko ziyalela iiparamitha zokulinganisa ezifanelekileyo kunye neendlela.

Cell Balancing

Intsimi iyaqhubeka nokuvela njengoko iteknoloji yebhetri iqhubela phambili:

Ibhetri yelizwe -eqinile: Xa iibhetri zelithium zelizwe-ezomeleleyo zifikelela kurhwebo, iimpawu zazo zombane ezahlukeneyo zinokufuna iindlela ezintsha zokulinganisa. Ukungabikho kwe-electrolyte engamanzi kutshintsha iindlela zokungaphumeleli kunye neepatheni zokuguga.

Ukulinganisa okungenacingo: Uphando luphonononga ukuhanjiswa kombane okwaziyo okanye ongenisayo phakathi kweeseli ngaphandle koqhagamshelo oluthe ngqo lombane, okunokwenza kube lula ukuyilwa kwepakethi kunye nokunciphisa ukuntsonkotha kweengcingo.

Ukuzingqinela-iiseli: Abanye abavelisi baphanda ukwakha i-bancing balancing circuitry ngqo kwiiseli zomntu ngamnye kunokuba kwinqanaba lokupakisha, ukusabalalisa umsebenzi wokulinganisa kwibhetri yonke.

Ukulinganisa kwangaphambili: Kunokuba ulungelelaniso olusebenzayo xa kubonakala ukungalingani, uqikelelo lwe-algorithms lunokuthi{0}} lulungelelanise ngokulula umrhumo weseli ngokusekwe kwiipateni zosetyenziso olulindelekileyo kunye neendlela zokwaluphala.

Olu phuhliso lujolise ekuphuculeni ukuthembeka, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokwandisa ubomi bebhetri njengoko ugcino lwamandla lusiya lusiba sembindini wothutho kunye neziseko zegridi.

Kuphela iipakethi ezineeseli kuthotho zifuna ukulinganisa. -iibhetri zeseli enye kunye{2}}nolungelelwaniso oluhambelanayo kuphela olulungelelanisiweyo ngokwendalo ngoqhagamshelo oluthe ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, phantse lonke uyilo lwebhetri ye-lithium ion eneeseli ezingaphezulu kwesinye kuluhlu luzuza kuhlobo oluthile lokulinganisa njengoko iiseli zikhula kunye neempawu ziyahlukana.

Iisistim zala maxesha zolawulo lweebhetri zilungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha lomjikelo ngamnye wentlawulo xa umahluko wombane ungaphezulu komda. Ipakethi ayifuni ungenelelo ngesandla. Ukuphila ixesha elide, ukuvumela i-BMS ukuba ilungelelanise ngokupheleleyo iiseli yonke imijikelezo ye-10-20 ngokuzalisa intlawulo epheleleyo inceda ukugcina ukuhambelana.

Ukulinganisa ngokugqithisileyo kunokubangela iingxaki. Ukulinganisa okugqithisileyo kokulinganisa kuchitha amandla kwaye kuvelisa ubushushu obungeyomfuneko. Ukulinganisa okusebenzayo rhoqo kwandisa ukunxiba kwecandelo kwaye kuvelisa ukuguga okuncinci okongeziweyo ukusuka kwimijikelo yokudluliselwa kwentlawulo. Kakuhle-iisistim eziyilwe kakuhle kuphela xa kufuneka, ukufumana ulungelelwaniso phakathi kolungiso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukungaphumeleli kwecandelo, iisetingi ze-BMS ezingalunganga, ukuthotywa kweseli kakhulu, okanye iziphene zokuvelisa kwi-bancing circuitry kunokuthintela ukulinganisa okusebenzayo. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokuthintela ukusebenza okufanelekileyo{1}}uninzi lweenkqubo zokunqumamisa ukulinganisa ukuba ubushushu bepakethi bungaphezulu kwemida ekhuselekileyo ukunqanda uxinzelelo lobushushu.

Ulungelelwaniso lweeseli lumi njengemfuneko esisiseko yeteknoloji yebhetri yanamhlanje, ngakumbi kwi-lithium ion yeebhetri zezicelo ezijikeleza izithuthi zombane ukuya kugcino lwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ukuvela kobuchule ukusuka kuthungelwano olulula lokuchasa ukuya kwiisistim eziphucukileyo ezisebenzayo zokusasazwa kwakhona kwentlawulo zibonisa iimfuno ezikhulayo ezibekwe ekusebenzeni kwebhetri kunye nobomi obude. Njengoko utshintsho lwehlabathi olusingise ekufakeni umbane lukhawuleza, lindela ukuvela okuqhubelekayo kwiindlela zokulinganisa ezicudisa amandla aphezulu kwiseli nganye ngelixa uqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo, okuthembekileyo kumawaka emijikelo yentlawulo.