Yintoni iThuba lokuTjaja?
Ithuba lokutshaja libandakanya ukutshaja iibhetri ngexesha elifutshane lokuphumla kulo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi kunokuba uhlawule umjikelo opheleleyo emva kokuphela komsebenzi. Abaqhubi badibanisa izixhobo kwiitshaja ngexesha lekhefu, utshintsho lokutshintsha, okanye naliphi na ixesha elingasebenziyo elihlala kwimizuzu eyi-10-15, ukuvumela ibhetri efanayo ukuba isebenzise iinguqu ezininzi ngaphandle kokutshintsha.
Le ndlela isebenza ngazo zombini iipakethe zebhetri-zeasidi kunye ne-lithium{1}}ze-ion, nangona iteknoloji yebhetri yelithium yale mihla iyenze yasebenza kakhulu kwaye ixabisa{2}}isebenza ukusebenza kwimizi-mveliso.
Lisebenza njani iThuba lokuTjaja ngeePakethi zeBattery
Inkqubo yokutshaja iyahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kwikhemistri yebhetri. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kunceda imisebenzi ukukhetha indlela eyiyo yezithuthi zabo.
Ukutshaja oomatshini beiipakethe zebhetri lithium
ILithium-iipakethi zebhetri ye-ion zamkela intlawulo ngombane ongaguqukiyo wangoku/oqhubekayo (CC-CV) iprofayile elungiselelwe ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okukhawulezayo. Xa iplagwe ngaphakathi, ezisistim zihambisa 25-30 amps nge 100 amp{7}}iiyure zomthamo ngexesha lokuqala lokutshaja. Inkqubo yokulawula ibhetri (i-BMS) efakwe kwi-lithium yanamhlanje ibeka iliso kwi-voltage yeseli, ubushushu, kunye nesimo sentlawulo ngexesha langempela, ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba kwangoku ukukhusela umonakalo.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-lead-ezinye iindlela zeasidi, iipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium zinokufumana iintlawulo ezingaphelelanga ngaphandle kokubangela isulfure okanye ukunciphisa ubomi bomjikelo. I-BMS yenza i-algorithms yentlawulo ephucukileyo ekhupha iiseli ukuya kuma-80-85% ngexesha lamathuba amafutshane, emva koko ugqibezele i-15-20% yokugqibela ngexesha lokuphumla ixesha elide. Oku kuguquguquka kuvela kwi-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) chemistry, echasene nokuthotywa kokuphazamiseka kokutshaja rhoqo.
Iseshini yentlawulo yamathuba aqhelekileyo inika amandla okwaneleyo ukwandisa ixesha lokuqhuba ngeeyure ezi-2-4, ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo webhetri kunye nokuqina kwesicelo. Ukungabikho kweemfuneko zokupholisa kuthetha ukuba abaqhubi banokubuyisela ngoko nangoko isixhobo kwinkonzo emva kokuplaga kangangemizuzu eli-15.
Khokela -Unyino lwebhetri yeAcid
I-Lead{{0}ibhetri zeasidi zijongene nemiceli mngeni emikhulu ngokutshaja kwamathuba. I-electrochemical reaction ifuna ulawulo lombane oluchanekileyo ukunqanda umonakalo wepleyiti, kwaye ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuvelisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi yehydrogen. Ezi bhetri zifuna iitshaja ezinethuba ezizodwa ezinciphisa ukwamkelwa kwentlawulo ukunqanda ukubaleka kwe-thermal.
Nokuba unezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ukutshaja rhoqo ngokungaphelelanga kuyakukhawulezisa ukunxiba. Umjikelo ngamnye ongaphelelanga wentlawulo wonyusa umngcipheko we-sulfate, apho iikristale ze-lead sulfate zenza kwiipleyiti kunye nokunciphisa umthamo. I-Lead-ibhetri zeasidi zisafuna intlawulo epheleleyo yokulinganisa rhoqo ngeveki ukulungelelanisa umbane weseli kunye nokuthintela ukusilela kwangethuba.
Iyure ezisibhozo-intlawulo yeyure, ezisibhozo{1}}iiyure ezipholileyo{2}}zomjikelo ophantsi wendalo ekhokelela-ikhemistri yeasidi yenza umsebenzi wokwenyani{4}}weshift ungenzeki ngaphandle kokugcina iibhetri ezininzi kwimoto nganye.
I-Advantages ngaphezu kweendlela eziqhelekileyo zokutshaja
Imisebenzi eyamkela ithuba lokutshaja ngeepakethi zebhetri ye-lithium zinika ingxelo yophuculo olunokulinganiswa kuzo zonke iimetriki ezininzi.
Ukupheliswa koTshintsho lwebhetri
Ukutshaja okuqhelekileyo kunyanzelisa ukusebenza ukugcina 2-3 iipakethi zebhetri kwisithuthi ngasinye-kumsebenzi weshift. Utshintshiselwano ngalunye lufuna i-extractor yebhetri, indawo yokutshintsha ezinikeleyo, kunye nemizuzu eyi-15-20 yexesha lomsebenzisi. Iibhetri ze-Forklift zilinganisa iipounds ze-1,000-4,000, ukudala iingozi zokulimala kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuhamba komsebenzi.
Omnye umenzi wesixhobo ubale i-$4,800 yelahleko yemveliso yemihla ngemihla ukusuka kabini-nge{3}}kutshintsho lwebhetri yeshifti kuzo zonke iinqwelo zabo. Emva kokutshintshela kwiipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium ngokutshaja kwamathuba, baphinda balifumana elo xesha kwaye bonga ngaphezulu kwesigidi seedola ngonyaka.
Ukubuyiselwa kweSithuba
Amagumbi okutshaja ibhetri asebenzisa ama-500 -2,000 eenyawo zesikwere kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla, ezifuna iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya kulawulo lwerhasi ye-hydrogen kunye nolawulo lwemozulu kwiibhetri ze-lead-asidi. La magumbi kwakhona ahlala izixhobo zokuphatha ibhetri kunye ne-inventory yebhetri esecaleni.
Izikhululo zokutshaja ezinethuba zingena kwindawo esele zikho zokuphumla okanye iindawo zedokhi. Izibonelelo zinika ingxelo yokufumana kwakhona i-40-60% yegumbi lebhetri langaphambili lee-square footage zemisebenzi yokuvelisa ingeniso emva kokuguqula iinkqubo ze-lithium.
Ixesha leSixhobo esongeziweyo
Iipakethi zebhetri yeLithium zigcina imveliso yombane engaguqukiyo kwigophe lawo lokukhupha, ukuhambisa amandla azinzileyo ukusuka kwi-100% ukuya kwi-20% umthamo. Le profayile yokukhutshwa caba ithetha ukuba ukusebenza kwesixhobo akwehlisi umgangatho ophakathi-nokutshintsha, ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo-yeasidi ebonisa ilahleko yamandla eqhubekayo njengoko umbane wehla.
Imarike yeziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja kwe-EV ifikelele kwi-32.26 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2024 kunye nokukhula kweeprojekthi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-125.39 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, ebonisa ukuqondwa ngokubanzi kwezibonelelo zokutshaja ibhetri. Imisebenzi yokuphatha izinto eziphathekayo inegalelo elikhulu kolu lwando njengoko isuka kwiinkqubo zamandla zelifa.
IiMfuno eziNcitshisiweyo zoLondolozo
Iipakethi zebhetri yeLithium azifuni kunkcenkceshelwa, ukuhlolwa kwenqanaba le-asidi, okanye ukucocwa kwetheminali. Ulwakhiwo olutywiniweyo luphelisa ukuchitheka kweasidi enomhlwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi eyonakalisa imigangatho, i-electronics, kunye namagumbi ebhetri kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokutshaja.
Ilead{{0}ibhetri yeasidi ifuna imizuzu eyi-15-30 yogcino lweveki ngeyunithi nganye, kunye noqeqesho olulodwa lwabasebenzi. Ukuphelisa le overhead kusindisa imisebenzi $2,000-5,000 ngonyaka ibhetri nganye kwiindleko zabasebenzi kuphela.
IBattery Pack Chemistry kunye neFactors Performance
Ubungangamsha betekhnoloji ye-lithium yokutshaja kwamathuba kuvela kumahluko osisiseko we-electrochemical.
Izinto eziluncedo zeLithium Iron Phosphate
Ikhemistri ye-LiFePO4 esetyenziswa kwiipakethi zebhetri yeshishini ibonelela ngozinzo olukhethekileyo lobushushu kunye nomjikelo wobomi obude. Ezi bhetri zihambisa i-3,000{9}}5,000 imijikelo yentlawulo ngelixa igcina i-80% umthamo wentsalela, xa kuthelekiswa nemijikelo ye-1,000-1,500 yezinye iindlela ze-lead-asidi.
Uxinaniso lwamandla lufikelela kwi-125-160 Wh/kg kwiipakethe ze-lithium zangoku, ziphinda-phinda ezo zelothe-zeasidi kwi-50-90 Wh/kg. Ukuxinana okuphezulu kuthetha ukuba iipakethi ezincinci, ezikhaphukhaphu zinokuzisa ixesha elilinganayo lokubaleka, okanye iipakethi ezinobungakanani obuqhelekileyo zinokuzandisa iiyure zokusebenza kakhulu.
Ukungabikho kwempembelelo yememori kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bahlawule iipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium kuyo nayiphi na imeko yokukhupha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwamandla. Oku bhetyebhetye kungqina ukuba kubalulekile kubuchule bokutshaja ithuba apho ixesha lokutshaja lixhomekeke ekuhambeni kokusebenza kunamanqanaba okuphela kwebhetri.
Ubukrelekrele beNkqubo yoLawulo lwebhetri
Itekhnoloji ye-BMS ekwinqanaba eliphezulu iyaqhubeka nokubeka iliso kwi-50+ iiparamitha kuzo zonke iintambo zeeseli, kubandakanywa ukwahluka kombane, iqondo lobushushu, ukuqukuqela kwangoku, kunye nemijikelo yokutshaja/yokukhupha. Xa kuvela izinto ezingaqhelekanga, isistim inokwahlula iiseli eziyingxaki, ilungise iiparamitha zokutshaja, okanye ilumkise amaqela olondolozo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukusilela.
Imisebenzi yokulinganisa iiseli ngaphakathi kwe-BMS iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwentlawulo efanayo kuzo zonke iiseli ezikwipakethi. Oku kuthintela iiseli ezibuthathaka ekuthinteleni umthamo uwonke kwaye kwandise ubomi bebhetri bepakethi ngeminyaka xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezingalawulwayo.
Lokwenyani-loxilongo lwexesha elifikelelekayo ngoqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo vumela abaphathi bezithuthi balandelele impilo yebhetri, iipateni zokutshaja, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kuwo wonke umsebenzi wabo ukusuka kwideshibhodi esembindini.
Ubunzulu boNyamezelo lokukhupha
Iipakethi zebhetri yeLithium zisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo ku-80{2}}90% ubunzulu bokukhutshwa (DoD), zisebenzisa phantse onke amandla agciniweyo phambi kokuba ifune ukutshajwa kwakhona. Iibhetri ze-lead-acid akufanele zidlule i-50% ye-DoD ngaphandle kokukhawuleza ukuthotywa, ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa umthamo wabo osebenzisekayo.
Lo mahluko uthetha i-100 kWh ipakethe ye-lithium ibonelela nge-80-90 kWh yomsebenzi, ngelixa i-100 kWh ekhokelayo-pack yeasidi ihambisa kuphela i-50 kWh kwisicelo esisebenzayo. Imisebenzi idinga kabini umthamo we-lead-acid ukufanisa ukusebenza kwe-lithium, ukuphindaphinda iindleko kunye neemfuno zendawo.
IiMfuno zokuPhunyezwa kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso
Iinkqubo zokutshaja eziyimpumelelo zifuna isicwangciso esiliqili ngaphaya kokuthenga nje iipakethi zebhetri ezintsha.
Ukubekwa kweSitishi sokuTjaja
Imisebenzi kufuneka ibeke iitshaja phakathi kweenyawo ezingama-50 -eziphezulu zeendawo zendlela apho izixhobo zidibana khona ngendalo ngexesha lekhefu. Iindawo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya iiperipheries zegumbi lokuphumla, iingcango zedokhi, kunye neendlela ezinkulu zokuhamba komsebenzi.
Isitishi ngasinye sidinga umbane we-208-480V ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zetshaja. Uvavanyo lweziseko zombane kufuneka luqinisekise umthamo wesekethe unokusingatha iiseshini zokutshaja ezininzi ngaxeshanye ngamaxesha aphakamileyo ngaphandle kweziqhekeza ezikhubekisayo okanye iintlawulo zemfuno ezigqithisileyo.
Iindawo zokupaka kufuneka zifake izixhobo kumacala omabini eebhanki ezitshajayo xa indawo ivuma, kwandisa ukufikeleleka. Phakathi kweerakhi zepalethi naphakathi kweengcango zedokhi zimele izithuba ezingasetyenziswanga kakuhle ezisebenza kakuhle kufakelo lwetshaja.
Iinkcukacha zetshaja
Itshaja zamathuba zizisa 25-30 amps nge 100 Ah, ngaphezulu kuneetshaja eziqhelekileyo' 16-18 amps. Iitshaja zala maxesha eziphezulu ze-frequency zifezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-93-97%, ukunciphisa inkcitho yamandla kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu xa kuthelekiswa neeyunithi ezindala ezisekwe kwi-transformer.
Unxibelelwano olungenazingcingo phakathi kweetshaja kunye neepakethi zebhetri zenza ukuba ukutshaja ngobuchule okuhlengahlengisa ngokuzenzekelayo iiparamitha ngokusekwe kwimeko yebhetri, ubushushu kunye nexesha elifunekayo lokutshaja. Obu bulumko bunqanda ukutshaja kakhulu kwaye kwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla.
Multi-ikhono le-voltage (24V-96V) kwiyunithi yetshaja enye ivumela ukusebenza ngeenqwelo zezixhobo ezixubeneyo ukuba zifane kwiqonga lokutshaja elinye kunokugcina iitshaja ezahlukeneyo zombane ohlukeneyo webhetri.
Ukuziphatha kakuhle
Ithuba lokutshaja impumelelo ixhomekeke ekuthotyelweni komsebenzisi kwiiprothokholi zokutshaja. Lonke ikhefu kunye notshintsho lweshifti kufuneka lubandakanye izixhobo zokuqhagamshela kwiitshaja, nto leyo efuna ulungelelwaniso lwenkcubeko kumaziko aqhele "ukuyihlawulisa xa isifa" ingqondo.
Abaphathi kufuneka baseke okulindelweyo okucacileyo okuba abaqhubi bapake kwaye bavale ngalo lonke ithuba, hayi nje xa izikhombisi zebhetri zibonisa intlawulo ephantsi. Ukuziphatha okungaguqukiyo kuthintela kade-ukupheliswa kwentlawulo yeshift nto leyo enyanzelisa iiseshini zokutshaja kwisiqhelo.
Iipakethi zebhetri kufuneka zifikelele kwi-100% yemeko yentlawulo ubuncinane kanye nge-24-yeyure yexesha, ngeeyure zasebusuku xa isixhobo sihleli singasebenzi. Lo mjikelo wentlawulo epheleleyo ugcina ibhalansi yeseli kwaye uqinisekisa imeko echanekileyo-yokufundwa kwentlawulo.
Fleet Ubungakanani izibalo
Ithuba lokutshaja lenza ukuba enye-ibe{1}}ibhetri enye{2}}i{3}}ireyishini yemoto kuninzi lwemisebenzi emibini{4}}yeshift. -izibonelelo zeshifti ezithathu zisenokufuna 1.25:1 umlinganiselo ngokuxhomekeke kubunzulu besicelo kunye neefestile zokutshaja ezikhoyo.
Uphononongo lwamandla olulinganisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okwenene, iishedyuli zeshifti, kunye nexesha lekhefu kunceda ukufumanisa ukuba ukutshaja kwamathuba kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza. Ezinye{1}}ubunzulu bezicelo zingaxhamla kwintlawulo ekhawulezayo ({2}} ii-amps nge-100 Ah) kunezinga eliqhelekileyo lokutshaja.
Iipateni zokusetyenziswa zibaluleke kakhulu. Imisebenzi eneeshedyuli eziqikelelwayo kunye namaxesha okuphumla angaguqukiyo alungelelanisa ngokulula ukutshaja kwamathuba kunezo zinokuhamba komsebenzi okuguquguqukayo kunye nexesha lokuphumla elingaqhelekanga.
Ukuthelekisa Iindlela zokuTshaja
Iindlela zokutshaja ezahlukeneyo zilungele iiprofayili ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye neepateni zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
Okuqhelekileyo vs. Ukutshaja iThuba
Ukutshaja okuqhelekileyo kulandela 8-8{3}}8 umjikelo: ukusetyenziswa kweeyure ezisibhozo, ukutshaja iiyure ezisibhozo, kuphole iiyure ezisibhozo{4}phantsi. Le pateni isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwimisebenzi yeshifu enye kodwa ayisebenzi kwiishedyuli ezandisiweyo okanye ezininzi.
Ithuba lokutshaja licinezela umjikelo wentlawulo kwiiseshoni ezimfutshane ezininzi kulo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi. Esikhundleni sentlawulo yeeyure ezi-8, iibhetri zifumana iiseshini zokutshaja ze-4-6 zemizuzu eyi-15-60 nganye, ziqokelela igalelo elilinganayo lamandla ngelixa izixhobo zihlala zifumaneka ukuba zisetyenziswe kwangoko.
Urhwebo -luvaliwe lubandakanya iindleko zetshaja (iitshaja zamathuba ziqhuba nge-10-20% ngaphezulu kweeyunithi eziqhelekileyo) kunye neemfuno zokuziphatha kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphelisa iipakethe zebhetri ezongezelelweyo kunye nokutshintsha izixhobo ngokuqhelekileyo kuphelisa iiprimiyamu zezixhobo ngaphakathi kweenyanga ezili-12-18.
Iingqwalasela zokuTshaja ngokukhawuleza
Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuhambisa i-40-50 amps nge-100 Ah, ukusika amaxesha entlawulo ukuya kwiiyure ze-2-3 kwimijikelo epheleleyo. Le ndlela ihambelana nokusebenza kweeshift ezintathu okanye usetyenziso olunexesha elincinci lokuphumla kodwa yongeza uxinzelelo kwiipakethi zebhetri.
I-Lead-ibhetri zeasidi zihlala iminyaka emi-3 phantsi kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ngokuchasene 5+ neminyaka ngokutshaja okuqhelekileyo. Iintlawulo ezindlongondlongo zentlawulo zivelisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwaye zikhawulezise ukuthotywa kweepleyiti, zinyusa iindleko zizonke zobunini ngaphandle kweenzuzo zokusebenza.
Iipakethi zebhetri yeLithium ziphatha ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza ngcono kakhulu, kunye nefuthe elincinci lokuphila xa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokulawula ubushushu zigcina amaqondo obushushu okusebenza. I-BMS ikhusela iiseli ekonakalisweni ngexa isamkela iintlawulo eziphezulu, ikwenza ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kube yindlela esebenzayo yelithium{1}}ezixhotyisiweyo.
Ukutshintsha iBattery Economics
Izinto ezininzi-ezikhokelela kwishifti{1}imisebenzi yeasidi ngokwesiqhelo ibifuneka iibhetri ezi-2-3 ngesithuthi ngasinye kunye nezixhobo zokuphatha ibhetri ezixabisa i-$5,000-15,000 ngeyunithi nganye. Olu tyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nexesha labasebenzi lenza ithuba lokutshaja ngeepakethi zebhetri ye-lithium zibe nomtsalane ngokwezimali.
Indawo esebenza iiforklift ezingama-50 kwiishifti ezimbini ngaphambili ibifuneka i-100-i-150 ekhokelayo{5}ibhetri yeasidi kunye ne-3{7}}5 yokutsala ibhetri. Ukutshintshela kwiinkqubo ze-lithium ezihlawulwe ngamathuba ziphelise ukuthengwa kwebhetri ye-50-100 kunye nazo zonke izixhobo zokukhupha, ukuvelisa ukugcinwa kwamanani amathandathu nasemva kokubala iindleko zeyunithi ephezulu ye-lithium.
Ukongiwa kwendawo nako kunegalelo kwinxaki yezoqoqosho. Amagumbi ebhetri anezixhobo zokutsalwa ahlala kwi-premium warehouse footage eyenza ingeniso xa iphinde yasetyenziselwa ukugcinwa okanye imisebenzi yokuzaliseka.
Uhlalutyo lweendleko kunye neMbuyiselo kuTyalo-mali
Ulungelelaniso lwezemali lweenkqubo zokuhlawuliswa kwamathuba lufuna ukuvavanya ixabiso elipheleleyo lobunini kunokuthelekisa ixabiso elilula lokuthenga.
Utyalo-mali oluPhambili
Iipakethi zebhetri yeLithium zibiza i-$17,000-25,000 xa kuthelekiswa ne-$5,000-}12,000 yezinto ezilingana nelead-asidi. Le premium ye-2-3 × imele umqobo oyintloko wokwamkelwa kwemisebenzi ephantsi kweendleko.
Itshaja zamathuba zongeza i-$3,000-8,000 ngeyunithi nganye ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo wamandla kunye neempawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphelisa iibhetri ezingasetyenziswanga (ngokuqhelekileyo i-1-2 ezongezelelweyo ngesithuthi ngasinye) kunciphisa ubuninzi bolu tyalo-mali kwii-multi-shift applications.
Ukuguqulwa kweziseko ezingundoqo ezibandakanya ukuphuculwa kombane kunye nokufakelwa kwesikhululo sokutshaja kuyahluka ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zoncedo. Eminye imisebenzi ichitha i-2,000-5,000 yeedola kwisitishi ngasinye kwiisekethe ezintsha kunye nezixhobo zokuxhoma, ngelixa ezinye zifudusa iindawo esele zikho.
UkuNcitshiswa kweendleko zokuSebenza
Iipakethi zebhetri yeLithium zisebenzisa i-30% ngaphantsi kombane kunelothe{1}}iasidi ngenxa yentlawulo ephezulu yempumelelo (95% vs{3}}%). I-forklift esebenza iiyure ze-2,000 ngonyaka igcina i-$ 500-800 kwiindleko zamandla kunye namandla e-lithium.
Ukuphelisa isondlo kugcina i-$2,000-5,000 ngonyaka ngebhetri nganye emsebenzini, emanzini, nakwizibonelelo. Ukulinganisa kwiinqwelo zeenqwelo ezingama-50 kuvelisa i-100,000-250,000 yeedola kulondolozo lonyaka lokugcinwa.
Ubomi bebhetri obandisiweyo bubonelela ngexabiso elongezelelweyo. Iipakethe zeLithium zihlala 7-iminyaka eyi-10 (ngokuchasene ne-3-iminyaka emi-5 ye-lead-asidi) zisasaza iindleko ezinkulu kwiiyure ezininzi zokusebenza, ukunciphisa iindleko zamandla ngeyure nganye ngama-40-60%.
Iinzuzo zemveliso
Ukuphelisa ukutshintsha kwebhetri kuphinda kubangelwe imizuzu eyi-15-20 ngotshintsho. Ukusebenza ngokutshintsha iibhetri kabini imihla ngemihla konga imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 ngesithuthi ngasinye, elilingana nokongeza i-6-8% yexesha elingaphezulu lemveliso kwishifti nganye.
Ukunikezelwa kwamandla ombane angaguqukiyo ukusuka kwiipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium kugcina ukusebenza kwezixhobo ngokupheleleyo kuyo yonke imijikelo yokukhupha. Ilead-ukuhla kwamandla ombane weasidi kubangela ukucotha okunokulinganiseka kwiiyure ezi-2-3 zokugqibela phambi kokuba kufuneke intlawulo, kucuthwe i-output nge-10-15% kade kwiishifti.
Enye inkampani yezothutho yanika ingxelo yophuculo lwe-12% emva kokutshintshela kwithuba-iisistim ze-lithium ezihlawuliweyo, evumela ukuba inqanawa enye ikwazi ukuphatha umthamo owongeziweyo ngaphandle kokongeza izixhobo.
Amaxesha okuhlawula
Ezimbini-imisebenzi yeshifti idla ngokufezekisa i-2-yeminyaka emi-4 yembuyekezo kuguqulo lwe-lithium xa kubalwa iibhetri ezicinyiweyo, ukugcinwa okucuthiweyo, ukonga amandla, kunye neenzuzo zemveliso. Izibonelelo zeshifti enye zinokufuna iminyaka emi-4-6 ngenxa yomgangatho ophantsi wosetyenziso.
Ezintathu -iinkqubo zeshifti kunye nezibonelelo ze-24/7 zihlala zibona iinyanga ze-12-24 zexesha lokubuyisela, njengeenzuzo zokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokutshintsha ibhetri kwikhompawundi ngokukhawuleza kumazinga aphezulu okusetyenziswa.
Amaziko afanele ukufumana inkuthazo yamandla acocekileyo okanye amaxabiso aphantsi{{0}ekhabhoni exabiso lamafutha (LCFS) angakhawulezisa imbuyekezo kakhulu. Iinkqubo ze-LCFS zibonelela ngeekhredithi zonyaka ezinokubakho ze- $10,000-50,{4}} kumaziko ogcino asebenza izixhobo zokuphatha izinto zombane.
IiNdlela eziGqwesileyo zokuTshaja kwiMpumelelo
Ukwandisa inzuzo kufuna ingqalelo kwizinto ezininzi zokusebenza ngaphaya kokukhethwa kwezixhobo.
UkuSebenza kweXesha lokuTyala
Incochoyi yeentlawulo zemfuno imele indleko ebalulekileyo kumaziko oshishino. Ukucwangcisa ukutshaja okunzima ngexesha lokuvalwa- kweeyure zesantya esiphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-8 PM ukuya ku-8 AM kwiindawo ezininzi eziluncedo) kunciphisa iindleko zombane ngama-30-50%.
Iinkqubo zokutshaja ezihlakaniphile zinokulungelelanisa ixesha lokuhlawulisa kuzo zonke iinqwelo-mafutha, ukukhwankqisa phezulu{0}}utsalo lwangoku ukunqanda ukunyuswa kwemfuno okubangela amaxabiso esohlwayo. Olu lungiselelo lwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokufuna ungenelelo lomqhubi.
Ixesha lekhefu kunye nesidlo sasemini kufuneka zibeke phambili ukubiza okuphezulu{0}}ukusebenzisa izithuthi kuqala, kunye -nezixhobo ezisezantsi zokutshaja ngexesha lotshintsho okanye ixesha elicothayo. Umiselo olulula lwendawo yokupaka ("{3}}ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kokutshaja" vs. "ukutshaja okusemgangathweni") kunceda abasebenzi ukuba benze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.
Ulawulo lobushushu
Iipakethi zebhetri yeLithium zisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kuma-20-25 degree. Ukusebenza kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla ezilawulwa yiqondo lokushisa zibona imiba encinci ye-thermal, kodwa ezo zisebenza kwiindawo ezingenamiqathango okanye ukugcinwa okubandayo zifuna ukuqwalaselwa okongeziweyo.
Uninzi lweepakethi ze-lithium zinyamezela i-0-i-40℃degree zokusebenza, kodwa ukutshaja ngaphantsi kwe-0℃kufuna iinkqubo zokufudumeza ukunqanda umonakalo we-lithium plating. Indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo kufuneka ibeke iitshaja kwiindawo ezitshintshayo ezikwimeko esemgangathweni okanye zisebenzise iipakethi zeebhetri ezishushu ezilungiselelwe ukutshaja ngaphantsi kweqanda.
Iindawo zobushushu obuphezulu-(35℃+) zikhawulezisa ukuguga kuzo zonke iikhemistri zebhetri. Isithuba esaneleyo setshaja kunye nokungena komoya kuthintela ukufumba kobushushu kwizikhululo zokutshaja, kwandisa ixesha lokuphila kweebhetri.
UkuJonga iNtsebenzo
Iinkqubo zolawulo lweFleet ezilandelela impilo yebhetri, imijikelo yentlawulo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla zichonga iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zenze ukusilela. Ukuhla kweendlela zomthamo kunokubonisa iiseli ezingalunganga, imiba yetshaja, okanye iingxaki zokusebenza ezifana namathuba angonelanga okutshaja.
Uqhagamshelo olungenacingo kwiipakethi zeebhetri zala maxesha kunye neetshaja zenza ukuba kubekwe iliso kwindawo enye ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba abaqhubi babhale iiseshini zokutshaja ngesandla. Abaphathi bafumana izilumkiso xa iibhetri ziphosa iintlawulo ezicwangcisiweyo ezipheleleyo okanye zibonisa ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga.
Uhlalutyo lwedatha yembali lubonisa iipateni ezizisa ukuphuculwa kweziseko zophuhliso. Ukuba isixhobo esithile sihlala sibonisa amanqanaba entlawulo ephantsi emva kwexesha leeshifti, izikhululo zokutshaja ezongezelelweyo ezikufutshane neendawo zokusebenza okanye ukuhlengahlengiswa kweshedyuli yekhefu kunokusombulula ingxaki.
Uqeqesho lwabaSebenzisi
Uqeqesho olusebenzayo lugxininisa ukuba kutheni imicimbi yokutshaja engaguquguqukiyo kunokuyalela nje oomatshini ukuba baplage ngexesha lekhefu. Ukuqonda ukuba iintlawulo ezingaphelelanga ziyaqokelela ukugcina onke{1}}amandla osuku kunceda ukuthenga{2}}ngaphakathi.
Izandla-ekuziqhelaniseni ngexesha lokukhwela ziqhelanisa nabaqhubi abatsha ngeendawo zetshaja, iintlobo zeqhagamshelo, kunye nokuphatha iintambo ezifanelekileyo. Oku kunciphisa umonakalo ovela kunxibelelwano olungafanelekanga kwaye uqinisekise ukuba abaqhubi banokugqiba inkqubo ngokukhawuleza.
Uqeqesho lokuhlaziya rhoqo lujongana nemikhwa emibi ekhula ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengabasebenzi abahlawulisa kuphela xa iibhetri zibonisa izilumkiso ezisezantsi kunexesha ngalinye lekhefu.
Uvavanyo lokufaneleka kweSicelo
Ithuba lokutshaja alilunganga kuwo wonke umsebenzi. Ukuqonda iprofayile yakho yokusetyenziswa kuqinisekisa ukuba le ndlela iyavakala.
Iiprofayili zokuSebenza ezifanelekileyo
Iindawo ezininzi-ezitshintshayo (16+ iiyure zokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla) zixhamla kakhulu kumathuba okutshaja, njengoko ukupheliswa kokutshintsha kwebhetri kuba yimfuneko ekugcineni ukuqhutywa komsebenzi. Imisebenzi eqhuba iishifti ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezinexesha elilinganiselweyo phakathi kwazo zifumana ukutshaja okuqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka.
Amaziko osasazo{0}}ogqithiso oluphezulu aneshedyuli yokuphumla eqikelelwayo ngokwendalo ehambelana neemfuno zokutshaja ithuba. Xa utshintsho lubandakanya ikhefu lemizuzu eli-15 kunye nemizuzu engama-30 yesidlo sasemini, ezi windows zibonelela ngexesha elaneleyo lokutshaja.
Izibonelelo ezinemiqobo yendawo engakwaziyo ukunikezela ngeendawo ezinkulu kumagumbi ebhetri kunye nezixhobo zotsalo zifumana ixabiso elikhawulezileyo ukusuka kumathuba okutshaja okuncinci kweziseko ezingundoqo.
Iimeko ezinomngeni
-Ishifti enye 8+ yeeyure zexesha lokuphumla ebusuku ayifane ithethelele utyalo-mali lokubiza. Ukutshaja okuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuphumla{3}}kweeyure zeshifti zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zibiza ngaphantsi kwezibonelelo zokubiza.
Uphezulu kakhulu{0}}ubunzulu bezicelo apho isixhobo sisebenza ngokuqhubekayo kangangeeyure ze-10+ kunye nekhefu elincinci zisenokungabi neefestile zokutshaja ezaneleyo zokutshaja ithuba lokugcina amanqanaba afanelekileyo entlawulo. Ezi meko zinokufuna ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza okanye ukutshintsha ibhetri.
Imisebenzi eneeshedyuli eziguquguqukayo kakhulu kunye nomzabalazo wexesha lokuphumla ongalindelekanga ukuseka iindlela zokutshaja ezingaguqukiyo, ukunciphisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokutshaja. Ezi zixhobo zinokugcina iindlela ezixutyiweyo kunye neebhetri ezithile ezihlawuliswa ngokwesiqhelo.
UVavanyo lokuSetyenziswa kwamandla
Ukuqhuba uphononongo lwamandla phambi kokuphumeza ukutshajiswa kwamathuba kubonisa ukuba le ndlela ingahlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza. Uphononongo kufuneka lubhale:
Ibhetri yangoku amp{0}}umthamo weyure kunye nosetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla olulinganiswa ngeemonitha zebhetri okanye idatha eluncedo. Oku kumisela iimfuno zamandla ezisisiseko.
Iishedyuli zeShift ezibandakanya amaxesha ekhefu, utshintsho lweshifti, kunye namaxesha aqhelekileyo okungasebenzi xa ukutshaja kunokwenzeka. Nokuba 10-15 imizuzu windows ukubala ukuba zenzeka izihlandlo ezininzi yonke imihla.
Amaxesha okusetyenziswa okuphezulu xa izixhobo kufuneka zigcine ukusebenza okuphezulu. Ukuba ezi zihambelana neemeko zebhetri ephantsi, amathuba okutshaja anethuba anokufuna ukulungiswa.
Ukuxutywa kwezixhobo kunye namazinga okusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinqanawa. Izithuthi-ezisebenzisa kakhulu izithuthi zidinga iindlela zokutshaja ezohlukeneyo kunezinye{2}}ezisetyenziswayo.
UkuLungela iziseko zophuhliso
Umthamo wombane umisela ukuba zingaphi iinqwelo ezinokutshaja ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kokulayisha ngaphezulu kweesekethe. Inkonzo engundoqo yoncedo kunye nomthamo wephaneli okhoyo ubeka imida enzima kubuninzi besikhululo sokutshaja.
Indawo ebonakalayo yezikhululo zokutshaja kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zichaphazela iindleko zokuphunyezwa. Amaziko anokufikelela ngokulula kwamandla kufutshane neendawo zokuphumla kufakela iinkqubo ezinoqoqosho ngakumbi kunezo zifuna umsebenzi omkhulu wombane.
Ubuchwepheshe bebhetri obukhoyo buphembelela izicwangciso zenguqu. Imisebenzi esetyenziswayo ngoku-iasidi ingadinga uguqulo olunezigaba ukuya kwiipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium kunokuzama ukutshintshwa okubanzi ngaxeshanye{2}}.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ngaba ithuba lokutshaja lingakwazi ukusebenza ngeebhetri{0} zeasidi?
Ithuba lokutshaja liyenzeka ngeebhetri{0} zeasidi kusetyenziswa iitshaja ezikhethekileyo, kodwa yehlisa ubomi bebhetri ukuya kutsho kuma-40%. Iintlawulo ezingaphelelanga rhoqo zikhawulezisa isulfure kwaye zifuna iintlawulo zokulinganisa ngeveki. Uninzi lwezibonelelo zifumana umthwalo wolondolozo kunye nobomi obufutshane bebhetri zenza ukuba ukutshaja kweasidi{4}ithuba eliphambili lingabikho kulunga ngokwezoqoqosho.
Zihlala ixesha elingakanani iipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium nethuba lokutshaja?
Iipakethi zebhetri yelithium yentsimbi yephosphate yanamhlanje zihambisa 3,000-5,000 imijikelo yentlawulo ngamathuba okutshaja, ukuguqulela kwiminyaka eyi-7-10 yenkonzo kwizicelo zokuphatha izinto eziqhelekileyo. Iintlawulo ezingaphelelanga rhoqo azenzakalisi i-lithium chemistry ngendlela ezonakalisa ngayo iibhetri ze-lead-asidi. Abavelisi abaninzi bewaranti ye-lithium ipakethe iminyaka emi-5-7 okanye ukubalwa komjikelo othile.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba abaqhubi bayalibala ukuhlawulisa ngexesha lekhefu?
Iseshini enye okanye ezimbini eziphosiweyo zokutshaja azibangeli ngxaki kwangoko, njengoko iipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium zihlala zinomthamo owaneleyo wokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusilela okuthe gqolo ukuhlawulisa ngexesha lamathuba kuyayoyisa injongo yenkqubo. Iisistim zolawulo lwebhetri zinokulumkisa xa amanqanaba entlawulo ehla ngaphantsi komqobo wokusebenza, oko kukhokelela kumanyathelo okulungisa phambi kokuba isixhobo siyeke ukusebenza.
Ngaba ndifuna iitshaja ezahlukeneyo ukuze ndihlawule ithuba?
Ithuba lokutshaja lifuna iitshaja ezikhethekileyo zizisa 25-30 amps nge 100 Ah, ngaphezulu kuneetshaja eziqhelekileyo. Ezi yunithi zikwabandakanya i-algorithms yokutshaja ngobuchule kunye nobuchule bonxibelelwano ukuze basebenze ngokufanelekileyo ngeepakethi zebhetri zanamhlanje. Ukusebenzisa iitshaja eziqhelekileyo ukutshaja okuvulelekileyo kuvelisa amazinga entlawulo anganelanga angayi kugcina iibhetri ngokusebenza kweeshift ezininzi.
Ukujonga kwi-Energy Density and Weight Factors
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zeepakethi zebhetri zinefuthe kuyilo lwesixhobo kunye nokusebenza ngeendlela ezingaphaya konikezelo lwamandla olulula.
Iipakethi zebhetri yeLithium zinobunzima obungama-500 -2,500 eeponti xa kuthelekiswa ne-1,000-4,000 yeeponti kwiiyunithi ezilinganayo ze-lead-asidi. Lo mahluko wobunzima ufuna ulungelelwaniso oluphikisanayo kwi-forklifts, njengoko iibhetri zisebenza zombini umthombo wamandla kunye nemisebenzi ephikisanayo. Ezinye iinguqu ze-lithium zifuna i-counterweights ezongezelelweyo ukugcina uzinzo xa uphakamisa imithwalo ephezulu.
Ukufaneleka komthamo ubalulekile kwisixhobo{0}}esithintelweyo. Uxinaniso lwamandla oluphezulu lweLithium lupakisha umthamo olinganayo malunga nesiqingatha sesithuba selothe -yebhetri yeasidi, ivumela uyilo oluxineneyo okanye uluhlu olwandisiweyo kushicilelo olufanayo.
Ubunzima obusezantsi kunye nobukhulu obubambeneyo buvumela ukuphinda kufakwe amandla ombane kwizixhobo ebezikhawulelwe kwiinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi. Ulungelelwaniso lwepakethi yebhetri olungena ngaphakathi kwekhompatimenti esele lukhona lwenza lula uguqulelo kwaye luthintele ukuguqulwa kwechassis.
Iimfuno zokupholisa zohluka kakhulu phakathi kweekhemistri. Ilead{{1}ibhetri zeasidi zivelisa ubushushu obubonakalayo ngexesha lokutshaja kwaye zifuna umoya ukunqanda ukubaleka kwe-thermal. Iipakethi zebhetri yeLithium ezinolawulo olululo lweBMS zigcina ubushushu obukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokupholisa kwangaphandle kwizicelo ezininzi, nangona ugcino olubandayo kunye nokusebenza{3}}kobushushu obugqithisileyo kunokuzuza kwiinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu.
Ezi zinto zibambekayo zinxibelelana neendlela zokutshaja zamathuba, njengoko iibhetri ezikhaphukhaphu zivumela ukutshaja rhoqo ngaphandle kwelahleko yemveliso evela kwiintambo ezinde okanye uqhagamshelo olunzima. Ngokukhawuleza-khulula uqhagamshelwano kwizibuko lokutshaja kwiipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium kuthatha 5-imizuzwana eyi-10 ukudibanisa ngokuchasene nemizuzu emininzi kwiinkqubo ezithile ze-lead-asidi.
Ithuba lokutshaja ngeepakethi zebhetri ze-lithium zanamhlanje ziguqule imisebenzi yokuphatha izinto ngokususa imiqobo yemijikelo yokutshaja eqhelekileyo. Itekhnoloji yenza ukuba -isebenze ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokutshintsha ibhetri, ifumana kwakhona isithuba esixabisekileyo sogcino, kwaye icuthe iindleko zokusebenza zizonke ngaphandle kotyalo-mali lwangaphambili. Impumelelo ifuna ukungqamanisa indlela yeeprofayili zokusebenza, utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokugcina isimilo sabasebenzi malunga neendlela zokubiza.
