Yintoni Ukutshisa Ngokugqithisileyo?

Ngaphakathi kwebhetri ye-lithium kuyo yonke ifowuni kunye ne-laptop kunye nemoto yombane yinto eya kubamba umlilo xa ishushu kakhulu. Umahluli owugcina uzinzile uncinci kuneenwele zomntu.

Wonke umenzi webhetri omkhulu uyayazi imida yobushushu beeseli zabo. I-Panasonic, CATL, LG, Samsung SDI, SK On{1}}zonke ziyila ukuhlala ngaphantsi kwaloo mida. Nangona kunjalo imililo iyaqhubeka isenzeka, kwiigaraji kunye nezakhiwo zokupaka kunye neenqanawa zemithwalo eziwela iPasifiki.

Ngo-2024, i-CATL yodwa yayithumele iiseli ezaneleyo ukunika amandla ngaphezu kwe-7 yezigidi zeemoto zombane, ngokutsho kweefayile zenkampani. Uninzi lwezo pakethe aziyi kuba nangxaki. Abanye baya kuyenza.

“Awunakuvavanya zonke iiseli,” utshilo uVenkat Srinivasan, umlawuli weArgonne Collaborative Centre yeSayensi yokuGcina amandla. "Uvavanya iisampuli. Ubeka ukunyamezela. Emva koko unethemba lokuba inkqubo yakho yokuvelisa ihambelana ngokwaneleyo."

Izinto ezifunyanisiweyo kuphando lomlilo webhetri, zihlala ziqhutywa kwiinyanga emva kwenyani, zibonisa ukuba ukubaleka ngobushushu kudla ngokuqala ngento encinci. Iqhekeza lokungcoliswa kwesinyithi. I-fold in the electrode coating. Isahluli esiphume sibhityile kancinci ngolwesibini emva kwemini kumgca omnye wemveliso.

Iseli nje enye enesiphene kwipakethi engama-4,000{2}inani elikwibhetri ye-EV eqhelekileyo-inokufudumeza abamelwane bayo ngaphaya kokunyamezela kwabo. Ukusabela kuyasasazeka. Amaqondo obushushu anyuka ngaphaya kwama-600 degrees. Ipakethi ikhupha amadangatye.

Bona kwakhona: I-General Motors Bolt EV khumbula, 2021. I-LG Energy Solution ihlawule i-1.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.

“Besifumana iziphene ezibini kwisisele esinye,” utshilo umntu oqhelene nophando ngelo xesha. “Kusenokwenzeka ukuba akabanga umlilo.

Nangona kunjalo abalawuli abakhange bafune uvavanyo olusemgangathweni lwe-thermal abuse kulo lonke ushishino. I-automaker nganye, umthengisi ngamnye weeseli, ubeka imida yangaphakathi. Into edlulayo kwenye inkampani iyasilela kwenye.

"Imigangatho igcwele yonke indawo," watsho uShirley Meng, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago yePritzker School of Molecular Engineering. "Akukho mvumelwano yehlabathi malunga neyona nto ibalulekileyo."

Ngokwembono, ipakethe ehleli kwimoto epakishweyo ePhoenix inokufikelela kuma-50 degrees Celsius ngaphambi kokuba nabani na ayivule. E-Dubai, i-60 degrees. Iiseli sele zishushu ngaphambi kokuba i-amp yokuqala ihambe.

Kwaye ezo ziimeko eziqhelekileyo. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kongeza ubushushu obuninzi. Ukutshaja kwemozulu ebandayo-kubangela i-lithium plating, enokuthi imfutshane kwiinyanga zeseli kamva. Umonakalo wengozi usenokungabonakali kwizikena zokuxilonga kude kubekho into engaphakathi esele itshintshile.

Ngemida emincinci ngolo hlobo, ukhuseleko lwebhetri luxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumgangatho wokuvelisa. Iseli eyenziwe kumzi-mveliso omtsha osebenza ngesantya esiphezulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-EV ayifani neseli eyenziwe kwindawo esele ikhulile ngeminyaka yokucokisa inkqubo.

"Iziphene kwisigidi ngasinye ziyenyuka xa ukhula ngokukhawuleza," utshilo uGene Berdichevsky, i-CEO yeSila Nanotechnologies kunye nelungu leqela lebhetri lokuqala leTesla Roadster. "Yinyani leyo."

Ngokuqinisekileyo, izithuthi zombane zibamba umlilo ngamaxabiso aphantsi kuneemoto zepetroli, ngekhilomitha nganye. IBhodi yeSizwe yoKhuseleko lwezoThutho ithe ngokuphindaphindiweyo oku. Ngokunjalo nawo wonke umenzi weemoto.

Umahluko yinto eyenzekayo emva koko. Umlilo wepetroli uyatsha de amafutha aphele. Umlilo webhetri unokuphinda usebenze emva kweentsuku ukuba iiseli ezinzulu kwipakethi zisabambe intlawulo. Amasebe omlilo afunde ukugcina ii-EV ezitshisiweyo phantsi kweliso leeyure ezingama-48. Abanye baye bathenga izitya zokuthumela ngenqanawa ukuze bazalise amanzi.

"Asinakuvele siyikhuphe kwaye sihambe," yatsho inkosi yebutho kwiBay Area, ichaza imigaqo emitsha isebe lakhe lamkelwa ngo-2023.

Abanye abavelisi bahambe ngokukhawuleza kunabanye. UTesla ulandelela iseli{1}}inqanaba ledatha esuka kuyo yonke ipakethe kwimoto nganye esendleleni. I-BYD itshintshe kakhulu kwiiseli ze-lithium iron phosphate, ezinyamezela ukushisa okuphezulu ngaphambi kokubola. I-CATL ivavanya iikhemistri zesodium -ezokuphelisa i-lithium ngokupheleleyo.

"Itekhnoloji iyahamba," utshilo uSrinivasan. "Ingaba ihamba ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ngumbuzo owahlukileyo."