Yintoni iMemory Effect?
Isiphumo senkumbulo yinto apho iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ziphulukana nomthamo wamandla aphezulu xa zitshajwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokuba zikhutshiwe kancinci. Ibhetri ibonakala "ikhumbula" umthamo omncinci kwaye ihambisa amandla amancinci kunokuba ibinokwenza ekuqaleni. Oku kwenzeka ikakhulu kwiibhetri zenickel-cadmium (NiCd) kunye nenickel{3}}metal hydride (NiMH), nangona ubuzaza kunye nezixhobo zahlukile phakathi kwezi khemistri.
INzululwazi eNgemva kweMpembelelo yeNkumbulo
Impembelelo yememori ibandakanya inkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-electrochemical eguqula isakhiwo sangaphakathi sebhetri. Xa ibhetri ye-NiCd ikhutshwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwinqanaba elifanayo ngaphambi kokutshaja kwakhona, iikristale ze-cadmium hydroxide zenza kwiipleyiti zebhetri. Ezi kristale zikhula zibe nkulu ngokuhamba kwexesha, zinciphisa indawo esebenzayo ekhoyo kwiikhemikhali ezivelisa umbane.
Igama lobuchwephesha kule nto "yi-voltage depression." Ngexesha lemijikelo yokukhupha inxenye, amandla ombane ebhetri ehla kwangoko kunokuba kufanelekile, nangona amandla ekhemikhali ahlala egciniwe. Oku kudala ubuxoki bokuba ibhetri iphelile xa igcina umthamo ongasetyenziswanga.
Uphando oluvela kwi-Paul Scherrer Institute eSwitzerland luchonge indlela echanekileyo ngo-2013. Uphononongo lwabo, olupapashwe kwiNdalo yeMathiriyeli, lufumene ukuba umphumo wememori uphuma ekubunjweni kwe-gamma-isigaba se-nickel oxyhydroxide kwiindawo zendawo ye-electrode. Le mimandla ikhula xa ibhetri ikhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo kubunzulu obufanayo, idala usasazo olungena-homogeneous lwezigaba zemathiriyeli kumphezulu we-electrode.
Kutheni imijikelo yokukhupha inxenye ibangela isiphumo
Ipateni ibaluleke ngaphezu kweeseshoni zokutshaja komntu ngamnye. Ibhetri ye-NiCd ekhutshiweyo ukuya kwi-50% umthamo kwaye emva koko itshajwe kwakhona amaxesha angama-20 ngokulandelelana iya kuphuhlisa isiphumo sememori kuloo 50% umqobo. Ikhemistri yebhetri iqhelana nale nkqubo, ihlengahlengisa imathiriyeli yayo yangaphakathi ukuze ilungele le mijikelo ingekho nzulu.
Olu hlengahlengiso lwenzeka ngenxa yokuba iimpendulo ze-electrochemical zenzeka ngokukhethwayo kwindawo efanayo ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Imimandla ye-electrode engaqhutywanga ngokupheleleyo iyancipha ukusebenza, ngelixa iindawo ezisetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ziphuhlisa ukwakheka kwekristale eyingxaki. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iinxalenye ezingasetyenziswanga ze-electrode ngempumelelo azifumaneki ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo.
Zeziphi Iintlobo zebhetri Amava iMemory Effect
Ibhetri yeNickel-Cadmium (NiCd): UkuSetyenzwa okuphezulu
Iibhetri zeNiCd zibonisa eyona mpembelelo inamandla yenkumbulo. Ezi bhetri zisebenzisa izixhobo ezingenakubalwa ezingenazintambo, iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ezingxamisekileyo, kunye nee-elektroniki eziphathwayo ukusuka kwiminyaka yoo-1960 ukuya koo-1990. Umphumo unokunciphisa amandla abo asebenzisekayo nge-20-30% ukuba imikhwa yokutshaja imbi.
I-1,000mAh yebhetri ye-NiCd ephantsi komjikelo wokuphinda we-50% wokukhupha inokuzisa kuphela i-700-}800mAh yomthamo osebenzisekayo emva kweenyanga ezininzi. Umthamo oseleyo awulahlekanga-utshixelwe ngasemva kwesithintelo sombane esiphezulu esingenakoyiswa uninzi lwezixhobo.
Ibhetri yeNickel{{0}Metal Hydride (NiMH): Ukuba buthathaka
Iibhetri ze-NiMH zifumana inguqulelo ebuthathaka yesiphumo sememori. Ezi zithathe indawo ye-NiCd kwizicelo ezininzi ekupheleni koo-1990 nasekuqaleni koo-2000. Ngelixa banokuphuhlisa ilahleko yomthamo othile ukusuka kwibhayisekile engaphelelanga, isiphumo siqikelelwa ukuba yi-60-70% engaphantsi kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-NiCd.
Ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa kuvela kwiiyantlukwano kwikhemikhali ye-electrode. Iibhetri ze-NiMH zisebenzisa ii-alloys zetsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo endaweni ye-cadmium, eyenza izakhiwo zekristale ezahlukeneyo phantsi kwebhayisikile ephindaphindiweyo. Ezi zithinteli azinzanga kwaye zibuyela umva ngokulula kunezo zikwiibhetri zeNiCd.
ILithium-Iyoni kunye neLithium yeBatri yePolymer: Akukho sisiphumo seMekori esiyiNyaniso
Lithium-ibhetri esekwe, kuqukaibhetri ye-lithium polymerUyilo, awufumani isiphumo senkumbulo yakudala. Ubuchwephesha babo busebenza kwimithetho-siseko eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo-yokunxibelelana kunye no{2}}ukudityaniswa kweeyoni zelithium kwizakhiwo ezinomaleko{3}} ezingavelisi ulwakhiwo lwekristale olunoxanduva lwesiphumo senkumbulo.
Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba itekhnoloji yebhetri ye-lithium polymer ilawula umbane wabathengi bale mihla, izithuthi zombane, kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo. Abasebenzisi banokuhlawulisa ezi bhetri nakweyiphi na imeko yokukhupha ngaphandle koloyiko lokulahleka kwamandla kwisiphumo sememori.
Ngawaphi amava ebhetri e-lithium kukuphelelwa kancinci kwezinye iindlela: ukubola kwe-electrode, ukukhula kojongano lwe-electrolyte okuqinileyo, kunye ne-lithium plating. Ezi nkqubo zihluke ngokusisiseko kwisiphumo sememori kwaye zenzeke nokuba zeziphi iipateni zokutshaja.
Iingcamango ezingezizo eziqhelekileyo malunga neMemori Effect
Intsomi: Zonke iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zinefuthe lenkumbulo
Le nkolelo iyaqhubeka ukusuka kwixesha le-NiCd xa umphumo wememori wawuyinkxalabo yokwenene. Namhlanje, uninzi lweebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zisebenzisa i-lithium chemistry, engaphuhlisi lo mba. Umbono ongeyiyo ukhokelela abantu ukuba bakhuphe ngokupheleleyo iibhetri ze-lithium ngokungeyomfuneko-uqheliselo olunciphisa ubomi babo.
Intsomi: Kufuneka ukhuphe ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba utshaje kwakhona
Eli cebiso lalivakala kwiibhetri zeNiCd kodwa liyingozi kwilithium{{0}esekwe kwiiseli. Iibhetri zeLithium zikhetha imijikelo yokukhupha engekho nzulu. Ukuwathoba ngaphantsi kwe-20% ngokuphindaphindiweyo kukhawulezisa ukuthotywa. Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokutshaja nanini na xa kufanelekile, ukugcina ibhetri phakathi kwe-20-80% umthamo xa kunokwenzeka.
Intsomi: I-conditioning ihlala ilungisa umphumo wememori
Ukulungisa{0}}ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo kunye nokutshaja kwakhona ibhetri{1}}ngamanye amaxesha kunokubuyisela umva isiphumo senkumbulo kwiiseli ze-NiCd ngokunyanzela ulwakhiwo oluyingxaki lwekristale ukuba lophule kwaye luguquke ngokufanayo. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yenkumbulo eqatha evela kwiminyaka yemikhuba yokutshaja engalunganga ihlala isisigxina. Iikristale zikhula kakhulu kwaye zizinzile ukulungiselela ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo umthamo.
Intsomi: Impembelelo yememori kutheni iibhetri ezindala zingahlali ixesha elide
Ngelixa impembelelo yenkumbulo inegalelo ekuphulukaneni nomthamo kwiibhetri ze-NiCd kunye ne-NiMH, ayifane ibe yeyodwa ibangela. Iinkqubo zokwaluphala eziqhelekileyo-i-electrode corrosion, ukubola kwe-electrolyte, kunye nokuthotywa kwe-separator{2}}zibangela ukwehla kwamandla amaninzi kwiibhetri ezindala. Ibhetri ye-NiCd yeminyaka emihlanu-eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala enemikhwa yokutshaja egqibeleleyo isazakubamba intlawulo encinci kunaxa intsha.
Impembelelo eSebenzayo kwiNdlela yokuSebenza kwebhetri
Ubungqongqo besiphumo sememori buxhomekeke kwiipateni zokusetyenziswa. Izixhobo ezitsala amandla de ziphantse zafa phambi kokutshaja kwakhona, njengeefowuni ezingenazintambo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, zinciphisa iingozi zememori. Izixhobo ezitshajwa kwakhona mihla le kumanqanaba entlawulo engafunekiyo, njengezinto zokuqhuba ezingenazintambo okanye iikhamera, bezisemngciphekweni ngakumbi.
Kuvavanyo olulawulwayo, iibhetri ze-NiCd zenze imemori enokulinganiswa emva kwemijikelo eyi-15-20 enzulu kubunzulu obufanayo bokukhupha. Isiphumo sidityaniswe nophindaphindo ngalunye. Emva kwe-100 imijikelezo enjalo, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kunokufikelela kwi-25% okanye ngaphezulu.
Iibhetri zeNiMH zibonise iipateni ezahlukeneyo. Bafuna 50 -70 imijikelo enganzulwanga phambi kokubonisa impembelelo ebalulekileyo yememori, kunye nelahleko enkulu yomthamo idla ngokujikeleza i-10-15%. Oku kunyamezelana kubhetele kubenze baduma kwizixhobo zokukhupha amanzi amaninzi apho ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwakungenzeki.
IziCwangciso zoThintelo nokuBuyisa umva
Ngeebhetri zeNiCd
Gqibezela ukukhupha{0} umjikelo wokutshaja rhoqo emva kwe 20-30 usebenzisa ukunceda ukuthintela isiphumo senkumbulo ekuphuhliseni. Lo mkhuba, obizwa ngokuba yi-conditioning okanye i-reconditioning, usebenzisa i-electrode epheleleyo kunye nokuthintela ukubunjwa kwekristale yendawo. Iitshaja ezikhethekileyo ezinemowudi zokulungisa zizenza ngokuzenzekelayo le nkqubo.
Ezinye iisistim ze-NiCd zemizi-mveliso zisebenzisa ukutshaja kwe-pulse, zisebenzisa ii-pulses zangoku eziphezulu{{0}zangoku ngexesha lokutshaja ukophula ukwakheka kwekristale. Obu buchule bufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kwaye abufumaneki kwiibhetri zabathengi.
Ngeebhetri zeNiMH
Ukukhutshwa okugcweleyo ngamaxesha athile kuyanceda, kodwa iibhetri ze-NiMH zinyamezela ukukhwela ibhayisekile kancinci kune-NiCd. Ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo yonke imijikelezo ye-50-100 inikezela ukugcinwa okwaneleyo. Ukulungiswa rhoqo rhoqo kunika inzuzo encinci kwaye yongeza ukunxiba okungafunekiyo.
Ulawulo lwebhetri lwale mihla
Iinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri kwizixhobo ezisebenzisa i-lithium chemistry esweni amanqanaba entlawulo, ubushushu, kunye nokuhamba kwangoku ukunyusa ukusebenza. Ezi nkqubo zenza ungenelelo lwabasebenzisi lungabi yimfuneko. Inkqubo "yokulinganisa ibhetri" kwezinye izixhobo ayithinteli umphumo wememori{2}}inceda inkqubo yolawulo ngokuchanekileyo ukulandelela umthamo.
Ukutshintshela kwiTekhnoloji yeLithium
Ukufuduka kwiibhetri ze-NiCd kunye ne-NiMH kwizicelo zabathengi kuphuma ngokuyinxenye kwiinkxalabo zempembelelo yememori. Abavelisi baqaphele ukuba abathengi bafuna ulondolozo{1}ibhetri zasimahla. Ikhemistri yeLithium ihambise oku kunye noxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunye namandla angcono{3}}ukuya{4}}kumlinganiselo wobunzima.
Izixhobo zangoku ezisebenzisa iteknoloji yebhetri ye-lithium yepolymer zinqanda ukusebenza kwememori ngokupheleleyo ngelixa unikezela nge-2-i-3 amaxesha ogcino lwamandla ngegram nganye xa kuthelekiswa ne-NiMH. Oku kubenza balungele ii-smartphones, iitafile, iidrone, kunye nezinye izinto ezinobunzima bokusebenza apho ukwandisa ixesha lokubaleka.
Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-NiCd kunye ne-NiMH zisasebenza apho amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, amazinga okukhutshwa aphezulu, okanye ukuthembeka kwexesha elide-kuzodlula iinkxalabo zememori. Iisistim zamandla ezigciniweyo, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nezinye izixhobo zemizi-mveliso zisaxhomekeke kwi-nickel{2}esekelwe kwichemistries.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ngaba impembelelo yenkumbulo inokuyonakalisa ngokusisigxina ibhetri?
Impembelelo yenkumbulo ngokwayo ayonakalisi ubume bebhetri. Inciphisa umthamo okhoyo ngokutshintsha indlela izinto ze-electrode ezizilungiselela ngayo. Ngokwethiyori, imeko eyiyo inokuyibuyisela umva, nangona iimeko ezinzima ezisuka kwiminyaka yemikhwa engalunganga yokutshaja zinokuchasa ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Ibhetri ihlala ikhuselekile xa ingasetyenziswa-inika ixesha lokusebenza elincinane.
Ndazi njani ukuba ibhetri yam inefuthe lenkumbulo?
Iziphumo zenkumbulo zibonisa njengexesha elifutshane lokubaleka eliphucuka kakhulu emva kokukhupha ngokupheleleyo{0}}umjikelo wokutshaja. Ukuba ixesha lokubaleka lihlala lisezantsi nasemva kokulungiswa kwemeko, ingxaki isenokuba kukwaluphala okuqhelekileyo okanye umonakalo wangaphakathi endaweni yesiphumo senkumbulo. Iibhetri ze-lithium zanamhlanje aziyi kubonisa le pateni kuba zingenawo amava okwenene enkumbulo.
Ngaba impembelelo yenkumbulo ichaphazela iibhetri zemoto?
Hayi. Iibhetri zeemoto zisebenzisa ilothe{1}}ikhemistri yeasidi, engaphuhlisi sisiphumo senkumbulo. Ilahleko yesakhono kwiibhetri zemoto endala ivela kwi-sulfate (i-lead sulfate crystal buildup), ukuchithwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo, kunye ne-electrolyte stratification{3}}iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifuna amayeza ahlukeneyo.
Kutheni abavelisi beefowuni bencoma ukukhutshwa okugcweleyo ngamaxesha athile?
Eli cebiso linxulumene nokulinganisa ibhetri, hayi uthintelo lwempembelelo yenkumbulo. Isoftware yesixhobo ilandelela umthamo webhetri ngokubeka iliso kwivoltheji kunye neyangoku. Ngamathub' athile ikhuphela kufutshane{2}}engenanto inceda inkqubo yokulinganisa umthamo wokwenyani webhetri, iphucula uqikelelo lomgangatho wentlawulo. Ayikuthinteli ukulahleka kwamandla kwibhetri ngokwayo.
Impembelelo yememori imise uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe bebhetri kumashumi eminyaka. Ukuqonda iindlela zayo kukhokelele kwiikhemistri ezingcono zebhetri kunye neenkqubo zokutshaja ezikrelekrele. Ngelixa uninzi lwabasebenzisi namhlanje bengaze badibane nesiphumo senkumbulo yokwenyani enkosi kwi-lithium-esekwe kwiibhetri, izifundo ezifundiweyo ziyaqhubeka nokuphembelela indlela esiyila kunye nokulawula iisistim zamandla aphathwayo.
Ukutshintshela kwi-lithium yoyilo lwebhetri yepolymer kunye nezinye iikhemistri ezihambele phambili zimela okungaphezulu nje kokubaleka isiphumo senkumbulo. Ezi teknoloji zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezisisiseko kuxinaniso lwamandla, isantya sokutshaja, kunye nokuguquguquka okusebenzayo okuhambelana neemfuno zale mihla zesixhobo. Kusetyenziso olusasebenzisa i-nickel{2}}ibhetri esekwe, ulwazi lwesiphumo senkumbulo luhlala lubalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kunye nobomi.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
Impembelelo yememori inciphisa amandla ebhetri asebenzisekayo ngokuphinda-phinda inxenye yokukhupha imijikelo, eyona nto ichaphazela iibhetri zeNiCd.
Isenzeko sisuka kulwakhiwo lwekristale oluphuhla kwimimandla ye-electrode yendawo ngexesha lokuhamba ngebhayisikile.
I-Lithium-esekwe kwiibhetri, kuquka noyilo lwe-lithium polymer, azifumani ziphumo zenkumbulo yokwenyani
Ukulungiswa kwamaxesha kunceda ukuthintela kunye nokubuyisela umva isiphumo sememori kwiintlobo zebhetri ezisesichengeni
Iisistim zangoku zolawulo lwebhetri zisusa imfuneko yokungenelela ngesandla kwi-lithium -izixhobo ezisebenza ngamandla
