Yintoni ubomi bomjikelo?

Ubomi bomjikelo kukuba zingaphi iintlawulo{0}}zemijikelo yokukhupha ibhetri edlula kuyo phambi kokuba yehlele kwinqanaba elithile lomthamo ochaziweyo kwangaphambili. Ngokwesiqhelo yi-80%, nangona ndiyibonile i-specs kuyo yonke indawo-70% kwezinye izicelo zeemoto, i-85% kwezinye. Umda ngokwawo luhlobo olungenasizathu kwaye unento yokwenza nokubalwa kwewaranti kunayo nayiphi na ipropathi esisiseko yekhemistri yebhetri.

Umaleko we-SEI kwi-graphite anode yeyona ndlela ifundiweyo yokuthotywa kwe-lithium-ibhetri ze-ion. Xa uqala ukutshaja iseli, i-electrolyte ibola kumphezulu we-anode kwaye yenze le filimu eyomeleleyo{2}}ubukhulu becala i-lithium carbonate, i-lithium fluoride ethile ukuba usebenzisa ityuwa ye-LiPF6, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo. Lo maleko kufuneka uzinze emva kwemijikelo embalwa. Akunjalo. Ihlala ikhula, ngokucothayo, isitya i-lithium efanele ukuba ibhayisekile. Ndasebenza kwiprojekthi kwiminyaka embalwa emva ndizama ukuzinzisa i-SEI kunye nezongezo ze-electrolyte. I-FEC (i-fluoroethylene carbonate) inceda, i-VC (i-vinylene carbonate) inceda ngakumbi. Akukho namnye uyisombulula ngokupheleleyo.

-i-nickel cathodes ephezulu iyaqhekeka. I-NMC811, eyi-80% yenickel, 10% manganese, 10% yecobalt, ifumana utshintsho olukhulu lwevolumu ngexesha lokukhwela ibhayisekile-indlela engaphezu kweNMC111 okanye iNMC523 yamagama amadala. Amasuntswana aqhekeka ngokwenyani. Ungayibona phantsi kwe-SEM emva kwemijikelo engamakhulu ambalwa. I-CATL icinge malunga no-2019 ukuba udibanisa{13} amasuntswana ekristale enye endaweni ye-polycrystalline aggregate eyayisenziwa ngumntu wonke, ususa uninzi lokuqhekeka kuba akukho mida yengqolowa. Izandi zicacile ngoku kodwa ukufumana iiparamitha ze-synthesis kanye kwisikali kuthathe iminyaka. Ndicinga ukuba i-BYD yenza into efanayo ngebhetri yabo yeBlade kodwa abashicileli kakhulu malunga nokusetyenzwa kwe-cathode.

Ubushushu bubaluleke ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na enye, ngokunyaniseka. Kuwo onke amaqondo e-10 wonyuka uphantse ukuphinda kabini izinga lokuguga. Ayichanekanga{3}}iindlela ezahlukeneyo zinamandla okuvuselela awohlukeneyo{4}}kodwa ikufutshane ngokwaneleyo kuqikelelo lobunjineli. Ipakethi ebaleka kumyinge we-35℃iya kuhlala ixesha elide kunomnye kuma-45 degree. UTesla wafunda oku kwangoko kunye neRoadster. Iimoto zabo zamva zinolawulo oluhle kakhulu lwe-thermal, ziya kuqhuba ukupholisa nokuba zipakiwe ukuba ipakethe ishushu kakhulu.

Ukubanda kuyamangalisa. I-chemistry yokunciphisa iyancipha, ilungile. Kodwa ufumana ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kakhulu kwaye ukuba uzama ukuhlawulisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu uya kucoca i-lithium kwi-anode, embi kakhulu. Iidiphozithi ze-lithium ziyilahleko yomthamo ongenakuguqulwa kwaye ukuba zikhula zibe yi-dendrites unokufumana imfutshane yangaphakathi. Uninzi lwe-EVs aluyi kukuvumela ukuba uhlawule ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC ngaphantsi kwe-0℃ngenxa yesi sizathu.

cycle life

Kukho le {0}impembelelo eyaziwayo apho ibhayisekile engekho nzulu yandisa ubomi. Ukuba usebenzisa kuphela i-40% yomthamo webhetri endaweni ye-100%, unokuphinda kathathu ubomi bomjikelo. Mhlawumbi ngaphezulu. Iindlela zokusebenza azicacanga ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshintsha umthamo omncinci kwii-electrode mhlawumbi kunceda. Ukunqanda ukubakhona kwe-electrode egqithisileyo apho ukuphendula okusecaleni kukhawulezisa kuyanceda ngokuqinisekileyo. Kodwa akukho mntu ubethelele igalelo elichanekileyo kwinto nganye.

Yonke i-EV ifihla umthamo othile kuwe. Xa ideshibhodi yakho isithi 0% mhlawumbi uku 5% real SOC. Xa isithi 100% uku 95% okanye mhlawumbi 90%. Abavelisi abawapapashi la manani. Ndizamile ukuyibuyisela umva{9}}injineli kwiBolt yam endala ngokujonga idatha ye-BMS ngaphezulu kwebhasi ye-CAN kodwa iitafile zohlengahlengiso zinoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo.

Akukho mntu ufuna ukulinda 3-4 iminyaka ukuqinisekisa uyilo lwebhetri. Ke senza uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo-amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, amaxabiso ebhayisekile akhawulezayo. Ingxaki kukuba ayizizo zonke iindlela zokunciphisa umgangatho okhawulezayo ngendlela efanayo. Abanye benza, abanye abakwenzi. Ukunyuka kobushushu kusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezininzi zeekhemikhali. Ukukhawuleziswa kwereyithi kungumzobo. Kwaye kukho iindlela zokungaphumeleli ezibonisa kuphela emva kwexesha elongeziweyo lekhalenda ongenakukwazi ukuyikhawulezisa kwaphela.

Izinto zamva nje zokuqikelela iML zinomdla. Uyondla umjikelo wedatha wangethuba kwimodeli kwaye ixela kwangaphambili-ukuphela komthamo wexesha elide. UStanford upapashe umsebenzi othile koku ngo-2019, uCarnegie Mellon wenze izinto ezifanayo. Isebenza ngokumangalisayo kakuhle kwiiseli abaziqeqeshe kuzo. Ukwenziwa ngokubanzi yingxaki. Guqula ukwakheka kwe-cathode okanye ukwakhiwa kwe-electrolyte kwaye kufuneka uqeqeshe kwakhona ngedatha entsha, uhlobo oloyisa injongo ukuba uzama ukuqikelela ubomi boyilo olutsha.

cycle life

I-LFP inobomi bomjikelo obungcono kune-NMC, ixesha. Ungafumana 3000{3}}5000 imijikelo lula, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu. Isohlwayo sokuxinana kwamandla sinoburhalarhume nangona{5}}unikezela nge-30-40% xa kuthelekiswa ne-nickel ephezulu ye-NMC. Abavelisi baseTshayina bagqibe ekubeni olu rhwebo lunentsingiselo kwii-EVs ezingabizi kakhulu apho abantu bangadingi 300+ uluhlu lweemayile. BYD, CATL, wonke umntu okhoyo wenza i-LFP kwiimoto ezisemgangathweni. IiOEM zaseNtshona ziyacotha ukuyamkela. Umahluko wenkcubeko okanye umahluko wemarike okanye zombini, andiqinisekanga.

I-sodium - i-ion imele ukuba nobomi obufanayo bomjikelo kwi-LFP ngokusekelwe kwibango le-CATL kunye ne-Natron, kodwa sele ikwimveliso nje yonyaka ukuze ngubani owaziyo ukuba kwenzekani emva kweminyaka 5+ endle.

I-Solid-ilizwe lihlala lithembisa ubomi bomjikelo obungcono kuba akukho electrolyte engamanzi ithetha ujongano oluzinzile. Kodwa bahlala bengafumaneki kwezorhwebo. I-QuantumScape sele "iminyaka emibini kude" malunga neminyaka emithandathu ngoku. Ukumelana nokusebenzelana, ukulahleka koqhagamshelwano ngexesha lokuhamba ngebhayisekile, i-lithium dendrites kwezinye iziyilo-ezi ngxaki zinzima kunokuba nabani na ebecinga. Mhlawumbi i-electrolyte ye-sulfide iya kusebenza ngcono kunee-oxides. Idatha ephuma eJapan ibonisa ukuba mhlawumbi.

cycle life

Oku akuhoywa kakhulu kodwa kukhulu kwizithuthi ezingaqhutywa kakhulu. Ibhetri yakho ithotywa uhleli nje. Ubushushu bokugcina kunye ne-SOC zombini zibalulekile. Eyona meko imbi kakhulu yi-100% yentlawulo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu{4}}uyakuphulukana namanqaku amaninzi epesenti ngonyaka ungenzi nto. 40% ye-SOC kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi lolona gcino kodwa ngokucacileyo ayisebenzi kwimoto oyisebenzisayo.

Ukugcinwa kwegridi sisilwanyana esahluke ngokupheleleyo. Udinga 20+ ubomi bonyaka nto leyo ethetha ukuba 7000+ imijikelo ubuncinane, mhlawumbi 10,{4}} ukuba wenza imijikelo emininzi yonke imihla. Kodwa unokunyamezela ukuxinana kwamandla aphantsi kwaye unendawo eninzi yolawulo lwe-thermal. Uqoqosho lusebenza ngokwahlukileyo{7}}I-CAPEX ibalulekile ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa ne-OPEX xa usenza imali kwishumi leminyaka.

Andazi ngokwaneleyo malunga neentlobo zebhetri ezintsha ukuthetha kakhulu luncedo. ILithium-isulfure inobomi bomjikelo ombi ngenxa ye-polysulfide shuttle, nangona ezinye iinkampani zibanga ukuba ziyisombulule. I-Lithium-i-anode yentsimbi edityaniswe ne-electrolyte eyomeleleyo inokuba yindlela eya phambili kodwa ingxaki ye-dendrite ayikamki. Kwaye nokuba imathiriyeli iyasebenza, ukonyusa ukwenziwa kwayo nantoni na entsha kuthatha 5{7}}10 iminyaka ubuncinci. Ke nokuba yintoni na ezayo ngokulandelayo, sibambekile kwiiyantlukwano ze-lithium-ion ubuncinci enye ishumi leminyaka.

Iibhetri zepolymer lithiumhlala ndaweni ithile phakathi-ngcono ukupakisha bhetyebhetye kuneseli cylindrical, ubomi bomjikelo obunokuthelekiswa ne-lithium esemgangathweni{1}}iion ukuba ugcina amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo. Inketho efanelekileyo yeendawo ezixineneyo kodwa akukho nto iguqukayo.