Ithetha ukuthini iBMS?
Inkqubo yoLawulo lwebhetriIcacisiwe
Siphantse sathenga ibhetshi yeeyunithi ze-DALY BMS ngo-2021. Ixabiso lalijongeka lihle, ii-specs zajongwa ephepheni, kwaye umthengisi wathembisa ukuhambelana kwebhasi ye-CAN kunye nee-inverters zethu ze-Victron. Kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokufakwa kwi-pilot AGV fleet, safumanisa iiyunithi kuphela iiseli ezilungeleleneyo ngexesha lokutshaja, kungekhona ekuphumleni. I-app iphazamisekile rhoqo. IBluetooth ibidinga{4} ukubhanqa kwakhona qho ngeentsuku ezimbalwa. Sagqiba ukutshintsha zonke iiyunithi ze-24 kunye neebhodi ze-JBD ngexabiso eliphindwe kabini.
La mava asifundisa into engachazwanga ngamaxwebhu: Umgangatho we-BMS ubonakala kwiinkcukacha ezithatha iinyanga ukufunyanwa.
Ke Yintoni i-BMS, Ngokwenene?
Incwadi yesikhokelo iyaphendula
Inkqubo yoLawulo lweBattery ibeka iliso kwii-voltages zeseli, ilawula ukuhamba kwangoku, ilandelela amaqondo obushushu, kwaye ikhusela iiseli ze-lithium kwiimeko ezibangela umlilo okanye ukufa kwangaphambi kwexesha.
Impendulo esebenzayo
licandelo elimisela ukuba ibhetri yakho ye-15,000 yeedola ihlala iminyaka emi-4 okanye iminyaka eli-12. Nokuba iinqanawa zakho ze-forklift zifumana isiganeko esinye sobushushu okanye zero. Ingaba amabango akho ewaranti ahlala phantsi kwe-1% okanye anyuke ngaphaya kwe-3%.
E-Polinovel, silandele idatha yewaranti kubo bonke ababoneleli be-BMS abasibhozo ukususela ngo-2018. Amanani abalisa ibali elicacileyo.
Imilinganiselo yeBango leSiqinisekiso nguMboneleli weNqanaba (2018-2022, 3,247 units)
| Udidi lwababoneleli | Iinyanga ezingama-24 zokusilela | Imowudi yokuNgaphumeleli | Amanqaku |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orion, REC | 0.4-0.7% | Ukukhukuliseka kwenzwa | Iyahambelana kwiibhetshi |
| JK (JIKONG), JBD | 0.8-1.2% | Iibugs zeFirmware (zinokulungiswa) | Inkxaso yosetyenziso olunamandla |
| Uphawu lwasekhaya A | 2.1% | Ukulinganisa isiphaluka | Iphuculwe kwiibhetshi ze-2023 |
| Uphawu lwasekhaya B | 3.1% | Ukusilela kwe-MOSFET | Imiba yolawulo lomgangatho |
| I-DALY | 3.8% | Imiba emininzi | Jonga amanqaku angezantsi |
Imeko yeDALY ifuna ukucaciswa. Uyilo lwabo oluvaliweyo oluvaliweyo lusebenza kakuhle ekuthinteleni amanzi. Kodwa i-app yabo inomlinganiselo weenkwenkwezi ezi-1.7 ngesizathu esihle. Sifumene iiyunithi ezineempazamo kulungiselelo lwasefektri. Umgangatho wabo "wokukhutshwa kwe-100A" uhlala uthetha umthamo wokutshaja we-50A, ekungekho mntu ukuxelelayo ngaphambili. Omnye umthengi ufumanise oku emva kokuba izixhobo zabo zokutshaja zingakwazi ukunikezela ngentsebenzo elindelekileyo.
Ukulunga, iiyunithi ze-DALY zisebenza kakuhle kwiiprojekthi zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali apho ungasayi kufuna inkxaso yobugcisa. Sukulindela nje uncedo xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle.
UQoqosho Olubalulekileyo
Wonke umntu ucaphula "i-143% yokuphucula i-ROI" kwi-electravehicles.com. Siwabonile amanani afanayo kowethu ukuthunyelwa, kodwa ukubala akuthe ngqo.
Nantsi indlela esiyicacisa ngayo kwiikomiti zokuthenga:
Uthelekiso lweendleko: I-50-Unit AGV Fleet Ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-8
| Iindleko Category | Ukhetho lweBMS yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali | Umgangatho weBMS Option |
|---|---|---|
| Ixabiso lokuqala le-BMS (kwiyunithi nganye) | $180 | $650 |
| I-Fleet yotyalo-mali lwe-BMS | $9,000 | $32,500 |
| Ixabiso lokupakisha ibhetri (48V 100Ah LFP) | $45,000 × 50 = $2.25M | Kuyafana |
| Ukutshintshwa kwepakethi elindelekileyo | Unyaka 4-5 (izithuthi ezipheleleyo) | Unyaka 10+ (inxenye) |
| Ixabiso lokutshintsha ngoNyaka wesi-5 | ~$2.0M (ukhukuliseko lwexabiso) | $0 |
| Iziganeko zexesha lokungacwangciswanga | 12-18 ngonyaka | 2-4 ngonyaka |
| Iindleko zokuphumla ($800/isiganeko) | $76,800-$115,200 | $12,800-$25,600 |
Umahluko we-$23,500 kutyalo-mali lwe-BMS ujongeka ubalulekile de ube wenze into kumjikelo omnye wokutshintsha ibhetri. Siye sabanabathengi baxambulisana malunga noku kangangeeveki, emva koko basitsalele umnxeba kwiminyaka emibini kamva becela ukuba sibuyise iiyunithi ezingcono ze-BMS. Ngelo xesha, ezinye iiseli sele zihlukene ngaphaya kokuchacha.
Enye iprojekthi yatshintsha ngokukodwa indlela esizijonga ngayo ezi ncoko. Umqhubi wendawo yokugcina impahla e-Ohio unyanzelise ukhetho lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngaphandle kweengcebiso zethu. Kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo kamva, bafumana isiganeko esishushu kwipakethe enye. Akukho mntu wonzakeleyo, kodwa uphando lwe-inshorensi kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi kwe-inshorensi kubahlawule ngaphezu kotyalo-mali lwebhetri yoqobo. Asikwazi ukwabelana ngegama lenkampani, kodwa ingxelo yesiganeko yingxelo yoluntu nge-ofisi yasekuhlaleni yomcimi-mlilo.
Iimpawu zobuGcisa: Yintoni omawuyijonge
Uninzi lwamaphepha e-BMS adwelisa ukuchaneka kwamandla ombane njenge-"±0.5%" okanye "±10mV." Zombini zivakala zichanekile. Akakuxeleli nokuba yintoni ebalulekileyo.
Umbuzo obalulekileyo wezicelo ze-LiFePO4: ngaba inkqubo igcina ukuchaneka kuyo yonke indawo ye-3.2 -3.35V yeplateau? Apha kulapho iiseli ze-LFP zichitha ama-80% exesha lazo lokusebenza, kwaye amandla ombane -ukuya kwi-SOC ubudlelwane buphantse ukuba mcaba. Impazamo yomlinganiselo we-5mV kolu luhlu inokuvelisa impazamo ye-8% ye-SOC yoqikelelo. Lowo ngumahluko phakathi kokucinga ukuba une-30% yomthamo oseleyo kwaye eneneni une-22%.
Sicacisa ukuchaneka kwe-0.3% kwizicelo zethu ze-AGV, ezixabisa malunga ne-15% ngaphezu kweenkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-0.5%. Urhwebo lufanelekile kwimisebenzi efuna uqikelelo oluthembekileyo loluhlu.
IiNkcazelo esiziqinisekisayo ngokwenyani (Ayikokwamnkela nje kwiiDatasheets)
| Ipharamitha | IBango leDatasheet | Yintoni Esiyivavanyayo | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuchaneka kombane | ± 0.5% kwi-25 degree | ±? kwi-10℃kunye ne-45 degree | Amaxesha obushushu eWarehouse ayahluka |
| Ukulinganisa okwangoku | "Ulungelelaniso olusebenzayo" | Owona mlinganiselo we-maA | Abaninzi bathi "iyasebenza" kunye ne-40mA yokwenziwa |
| Ukalo lwangoku | 100A ngokuqhubekayo | Ukuphathwa kwencopho, ukuthoba igophe | I-130A iincopho zibulala i-100A -iiyunithi ezilinganisiweyo |
| Unxibelelwano | "CAN iyahambelana" | Ukuqinisekiswa kweProtocol kunye nesiguquli esijoliswe kuko | "Ukuhambelana" kuthetha izinto ezahlukeneyo |
Umba wokulungelelanisa wangoku ufanele ugxininiswe. Ukuba i-spec sheet ayichazi ixabiso elithile le-milliamp lokulinganisa okwangoku, "umsebenzi wokulinganisa" unokungabikho nangayiphi na indlela enentsingiselo. Iinkqubo zePassive zidla ngokuqhuba i-30-100mA. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ezihambisa amandla phakathi kweeseli zisebenza kwi-600mA okanye ngaphezulu. Siye sabona iiyunithi zithengiswa "njenge-bancing esebenzayo" elinganisa i-45mA kuvavanyo.
Inqaku kwi-BMS Architecture exabiso liphantsi
Oku kuvela kwingxoxo yeforum yobunjineli eyasisindisa kwisigqibo esibi. Olunye -lwamaxabiso aphantsi uyilo lwe-BMS zisebenzisa iitshiphusi zokhuseleko lweseli enye-ezifana ne-DW01) ezifakwe kwiingcingo ngokunxuseneyo ukwenza -ulungelelwaniso lweeseli. Iitshiphusi zenzelwe usetyenziso lwe-1S kuphela. Xa abavelisi bedibanisa iipakethi ze-4S, 10S, okanye i-20S, i-chip nganye isebenza ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle kokhuseleko olulungelelanisiweyo.
Imowudi yokungaphumeleli iyingozi: ukuba itshiphu enye iyafa kukukhupha okumileyo okanye ukufuma, elo qela leseli lilahlekelwa lukhuseleko ngelixa yonke inkqubo iqhubeka nokusebenza. Ipakethe ayivalwanga. Ayikulumkisi. Ibaleka nje ingakhuselekanga de kubekho into engaphumeleliyo ngentlekele.
Uyilo lwe-BMS olusemgangathweni lusebenzisa ii-ICs zokuhlola iiseli ezininzi{{0}ezivela eTexas Instruments, i-Analog Devices, okanye ababoneleli abafanayo. Ezi chips zibeka iliso kuzo zonke iiseli ngokusebenzisa iisekethe ezidityanisiweyo ezineendlela zokungaphumeleli ezingagqibekanga kukuvalwa okukhuselekileyo. Umahluko weendleko mhlawumbi $ 15-30 iyunithi nganye umthamo. Umahluko wokhuseleko awunakuthelekiswa.
Siyekile ukuqwalasela nawuphi na umthengisi ongakwaziyo ukucacisa ulwakhiwo lwabo lwe-IC. Ukuba injineli yokuthengisa ayiyazi nokuba isebenzisa iitshiphusi-zeseli enye ngokunxuseneyo okanye ngokufanelekileyo-iiseli ICs ezifanelekileyo, ezikuxelela into ngobunzulu bazo bobunjineli.
Iziqinisekiso: Zithetha ntoni kwaye azithethi
Abathengi bethu baseMntla Melika bahlala becela "UL certified" BMS. Isigama sibalulekile apha.
Isiqinisekiso se-UN38.3 sibandakanya ukhuseleko lwezothutho. Ukungcangcazela, ukuphakama, ibhayisekile eshushu, impembelelo. Ayijongani nokhuseleko lokusebenza ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwangempela. Yonke ibhetri ye-lithium ethunyelwe kumazwe ngamazwe idinga i-UN38.3. Ukuba nayo kuthetha ukuba imveliso yakho inokuwela imida ngokusemthethweni. Ukuba nayo akuthethi ukuba i-BMS iya kukhusela iiseli zakho ngexesha lempazamo yokutshaja.
I-IEC 62619 ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa{1}} kwesigaba sokhuseleko kwizicelo zamashishini. Lo ngumgangatho ojongene nokuthintela ukubaleka kwe-thermal kunye neemfuno zokudityaniswa kwe-BMS. Ukuba usebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium kwiiforklift, ii-AGVs, okanye kwindawo yokugcina izinto ezimileyo, esi sisiqinisekiso esibaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lokusebenza.
UL 1973 isebenza ngokukodwa kwindawo yokugcina amandla emileyo eMntla Melika. Ibandakanya iimfuno zovavanyo lokusasazwa kobushushu kunye nokunyamezela iziphene ezingagqunywanga ngokupheleleyo yi-IEC 62619.
IsiShwankathelo seNgqungquthela yeSiqinisekiso
| Umgangatho | Iquka ezoThutho | Iquka ukusebenza | Igubungela i-Thermal Runaway | Ifunelwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN38.3 | Ewe | Hayi | Hayi | Ukuthumela ngenqanawa kumazwe ngamazwe |
| IEC 62619 | Hayi | Ewe | Ewe | Ukusasazwa kwamashishini |
| UL 1973 | Hayi | Ewe | Ewe | Ugcino olumileyo lwaseMntla Melika |
| UL 9540 | Hayi | Inkqubo-inqanaba | Ewe | Gqibezela ufakelo lwe-ESS |
Sibabonile abathengisi bebanga "icandelo le-UL elaziwayo" (ikhadi elimthubi) lilingana noluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-UL. Ayiyo. Iprojekthi yaseMntla Melika esibhide ngayo iye yathintelwa ngenxa yokuba iqela lobunjineli bomthengi lamkele amaxwebhu ekhadi elityheli, kwaye igunya elinegunya liyikhabile ngexesha lokuhlolwa kokugqibela. Iprojekthi ilibazisekile iinyanga ezintathu ngelixa befumana izixhobo ezithobelayo.
Umgangatho we-IEEE 2686-2024 ufanele ukukhankanywa apha. Ayisosiqinisekiso esisisinyanzelo, kodwa simele inkqubo yokuqala ecetyiswayo ngokukodwa kwi-BMS yokugcina amandla. Ababoneleli ababhekiselele ekuthotyelweni kwe-IEEE 2686 ubuncinane banikela ingqalelo kwezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokusebenza. (exponent.com igcina isishwankathelo esihle sobugcisa bale migangatho ukuba ufuna ukufunda nzulu.)
Sibavavanya njani ababoneleli ngoku
Emva kwezifundo ezaneleyo, siye saphuhlisa inkqubo yovavanyo engaguqukiyo. Ayizizo zonke iiprojekthi ezifuna yonke itshekhi, kodwa ukutsiba amanyathelo kusihlawulele amaxesha aneleyo ukuba sigqibezele ukucokiseka.
Ukhuseleko kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokuthotyelwa kuza kuqala. Sicela amanani eengxelo zokwenyani zovavanyo, hayi nje amabango esiqinisekiso. Ingxelo esebenzayo yovavanyo lwe-IEC 62619 inenombolo yoxwebhu, ilabhoratri yovavanyo, kunye neemeko ezithile zovavanyo. Ukuba umthengisi unokubonelela ngomfanekiso wesatifikethi kuphela, sigrumba nzulu.
Ukuhambelana kobugcisa kulandelayo. Ngaba uluhlu lwamandla ombane e-BMS lugubungela ulungelelwaniso lwepakethi yakho ngomda? I-16S BMS kumlinganiselo wayo omkhulu ayifani ne-20S BMS ebaleka ngo-16S. Ngaba iprothokholi yonxibelelwano iyasebenza ngokwenene netshaja yakho kunye ne-inverter, okanye ngaba "CAN iyahambelana" ithetha "sisebenzisa i-CAN kodwa ngokufomatha umyalezo wobunikazi"?
Siyayiqinisekisa ibhalansi yangoku ngokuzimeleyo xa kunokwenzeka. Ababoneleli bayazi ukuba siyajonga, nto leyo edla ngokugcina amaphepha athile enyanisekile.
Ukuqhubekeka kokubonelela kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuba uninzi lwamaqela okuthenga ecinga. Umboneleli we-BMS oyekisa umfuziselo wakho phakathi{1}}kwiprojekthi udala iintloko ezibuhlungu zeminyaka. Sibuza malunga neemephu zendlela yemveliso, ubuncinci beodolo yokuthenga kwixesha elizayo, kunye nokuba uyilo lusebenzisa izinto zemveliso okanye ii-ASIC zesiko ezinokungafumaneki.
Kwizisombululo zebhetri yethu yeshishini ePolinovel, udibaniso lweBMS lwenzeka ngexesha{0}}lo{1}}ukupakisha uyilo. Asilungiseleli -iqela lesithathu i-BMS kwiipakethi ezigqityiweyo. Oku kusivumela ukuba songeze ukubekwa kwesivamvo, umzila wengcingo, kunye nolawulo lobushushu njengenkqubo kunokujongana nokuthotywa kofakelo lwasemva kwentengiso. Iqela lethu lobunjineli lilinganisa imilinganiselo ye-BMS ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zokwenyani zesicelo: imijikelo yomsebenzi, iiprofayili zangoku ezincopho, amaqondo obushushu akhoyo, iimfuno zeprotocol yonxibelelwano.
Ukuba uvavanya iinketho zebhetri ye-lithium kwizinto zokuphatha izixhobo okanye izithuthi zamashishini, incoko ye-BMS kufuneka yenzeke kwangoko kwinkqubo yokucacisa, hayi njengengcinga yamva. Imibuzo ebalulekileyo sisicelo-ingqale, kwaye uthelekiso oluqhelekileyo luphosa uninzi lwento echaphazela ukuthembeka{2}}kwexesha elide.
Finyelela kwiphepha lethu loqhagamshelwano ngeenkcukacha zesicelo sakho. Siza kukuxelela ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba izisombululo zethu ziyahambelana neemfuno zakho okanye kufuneka ujonge kwenye indawo.
