Intshayelelo kwiibhetri zeLithium{0}}
Umgaqo wokuSebenza weLithium -iibhetri zeion
Ibhetri ye-ion ye-lithium ikakhulu ine-electrode e-positive, i-electrode enegative, i-electrolyte eyenza i-lithium ion, kunyeumahlulikunye ne-casing eyahlula i-electrode ephilileyo kunye ne-negative. Izinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-compound evumela ukuguqulwa kokufakwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-lithium ion, njenge-lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂), i-lithium nickel oxide (i-LiNiO₂), i-lithium manganese oxide (LiMn₂O₄), okanye izinto ze-ternary (LiCoₓNiᵧ₋Mn). I-electrolyte yenziwe ngeetyuwa ze-lithium (iityuwa ze-lithium eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-LiClO₄, i-LiPF₆, i-LiBF₄, i-LiBOB, njl.) Inyibilike kwi-solvent ethile (ikakhulukazi umxube we-ethylene carbonate (EC), i-diethyl carbonate (DEC), i-dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ipropylene ethile, i-propylene carbonate, njl. Izinto zokwahlula ngokuqhelekileyo i-polyolefin resin, ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa enye - umaleko okanye ezininzi - umaleko we-polypropylene (PP) kunye ne-polyethylene (PE) i-microporous membranes, njenge-Celgard 2300 separator. I-electrode engalunganga ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa izinto ezikwaziyo ukudibanisa i-lithium, njenge-petroleum coke, igraphite ecocekileyo, kunye ne-graphite edibeneyo yekhabhoni edibeneyo. Ukusabela kwi-lithium -ibhetri ye-ion usebenzisa i-carbon (C₆) njenge-electrode engalunganga kunye ne-transition metal oxide LiMeO₂ njenge-electrode e-positive ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
Ngexesha lokutshaja:
Ngexesha lokukhutshwa:
Ngexesha lokutshaja, i-lithium ion ikhutshwa kwi-electrode efanelekileyo kwaye ifakwe kwi-electrode engalunganga; ngexesha lokukhupha, i-lithium ion ikhutshwa kwi-electrode engafanelekanga kwaye ifakwe kwi-electrode efanelekileyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha, ii-ion ze-lithium zihamba ngapha nangapha phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo kunye ne-negative, kufana nesitulo esishukumayo. Ke ngoko, iibhetri ze-lithium -zikwabizwa ngokuba "ziibhetri zesitulo esingcangcazelayo." Umgaqo wabo wokusebenza unokubonakaliswa nguMfanekiso 1.1.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokuhlawuliswa kunye nokukhutshwa, ukufakwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwee-ion ze-lithium phakathi kwezinto ze-carbon layered kunye ne-oxide particles okanye phakathi kweengqimba kwi-lithium -ibhetri ze-ion ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela utshintsho kwisithuba se-interlayer kwaye ayonakalisi isakhiwo se-crystal. Ngexesha lokuhlawuliswa kunye nokukhutshwa, izakhiwo zeekhemikhali zezinto ezilungileyo kunye nezingalunganga ze-electrode zihlala zingatshintshi. Ngoko ke, kwimbono yokuguqulwa kwentlawulo{3}}impendulo yokukhutshwa, ukufakwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-ion ze-lithium kwizinto zebhetri yinkqubo efanelekileyo yokusabela. Ngokusekelwe kwezi mpawu, iibhetri ze-lithium-zingaphezulu ekusebenzeni kune-nickel{6}}i-cadmium kunye ne-nickel{7}}iibhetri ze-metal hydride.
Lithium{0}}yokuhlelwa kwebhetri ye-ion
Iibhetri zeLithium -zinokwahlulwa ngokwezinto zecathode ezisetyenzisiweyo, imbonakalo kunye nobukhulu, indlela yokuvelisa iiseli, uhlobo lokupakisha, kunye neempawu zesicelo.
Ngokusekwe kwimathiriyeli yecathode esetyenzisiweyo, iibhetri ze-lithium{0}}zinokwahlulwa zibe ziibhetri ze-lithium cobalt oxide, iibhetri ze-lithium manganese oxide, iibhetri ze-ternary lithium, kunye neebhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate.
Iibhetri ze-lithium cobalt oxide zine-voltage ye-3.7V kunye ne-voltage yokusebenza kwe-2.4 ~ 4.2V. Iibhetri zeLithium cobalt oxide zinesakhiwo esizinzile, umthamo othile ophezulu, kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo ngokubanzi, kodwa ukhuseleko lwazo alunamali kwaye ixabiso labo liphezulu, lisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiiseli ezincinci kunye{4}} ezinobungakanani. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje,-izixhobo eziphezulu ze-voltage ze-lithium cobalt oxide ziye zaphuhliswa, ezinokonyusa umlinganiselo ophezulu wombane webhetri ukuya kwi-4.3V okanye i-4.35V, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ngempumelelo umthamo webhetri kunye nokuxinana kwamandla. Okwangoku, iibhetri ze-lithium cobalt oxide zinezinga eliphezulu lokuxinana kwamandla evolumetric, zifikelela ku-550Wh/kg, nto leyo ezenza zibe lolona khetho lokunika amandla aphezulu{11}}iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye nezinye iimveliso zombane.
Iibhetri ze-lithium manganese oxide (MMANO) zine-voltage yegama le-3.8V kunye noluhlu lwamandla okusebenza lwe-2.5V ukuya kwi-4.2V. Amandla ombane okukhusela i-Overcharge yi-4.28V ± 0.025V, kwaye ngaphezulu{6}}ivolthi yokhuselo lokukhupha yi-2.5V ± 0.1V. Iibhetri zeMMANO zinexabiso eliphantsi{10} kwaye zinokhuseleko olulungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-lithium manganese oxide impahla ngokwayo ayizinzanga kwaye iyakwazi ukubola, ivelise igesi kunye nokuvuvukala. Umjikelo wayo wobomi konakala ngokukhawuleza, ubomi bayo bufutshane, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo{13}}phezulu kobushushu kubi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwixabiso eliphantsi{15}}eliphakathi{16}}ukuya{17}}elikhulu{18}}iiseli ezinobungakanani ukwenza iibhetri zamandla.
Iibhetri ze-Ternary lithium - ion (TLC) zinomthamo wombane we-3.6V kunye noluhlu lwamandla okusebenza oluyi-2.75V ukuya kwi-4.2V. Amandla ombane okukhusela i-Overcharge yi-4.28V ± 0.025V, kwaye ngaphezulu{7}}ivoltheji yokhuselo lokukhupha yi-2.75V ± 0.1V. Iibhetri ze-TLC zisebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi, zinexabiso eliphantsi kune-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), kwaye zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluphuculweyo. Zingasetyenziswa kwiibhetri zamandla, kwaye isabelo sabo semarike kwimarike yezinto ze-cathode siyanda unyaka nonyaka. Iibhetri ezincinci ze-lithium{13}}ezisebenzisa izixhobo ze-ion ze-lithium{14}}zamkelwa kancinci kancinci yimarike. Iimathiriyeli ze-Ternary zinokudityaniswa ne-lithium cobalt oxide kunye ne-lithium manganese oxide ukuze zisetyenziswe kwintsimbi{16}}i-cased, i-aluminiyam{17}}i-cased, i-pouch, i-polymer, kunye ne-cylindrical lithium{18}}ibhetri ze-ion, ezinokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zebhetri kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi. Okwangoku, iibhetri eziphathekayo ze-ternary zinokufikelela kwi-energy density ye-180 Wh/kg (26650 steel{22}}cased batterys can reach the capacity of 4600 mAh/kg with weight 90g), inika inzuzo ecacileyo kwindleko{25}}yokusebenza.
Iibhetri ze-Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) zine-voltage ye-3.2V kunye ne-voltage yokusebenza kwe-2.5 ~ 3.75V. Amandla ombane okukhusela ukuchasa yi-3.75V±0.025V, kwaye ngaphezulu{6}}ivoltheji yokhuselo lokukhupha yi-2.5V±0.1V. Olona ncedo lukhulu lweebhetri ze-LFP luzinzo kunye{10}}ukungaboli kwezinto ezilungileyo ze-electrode, zibanika ukhuseleko olungenakuthelekiswa nanto xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo eziphathekayo ze-electrode. Iibhetri ze-LFP zinobomi bomjikelo omde, zininzi kwizibonelelo, kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, baneqonga lokukhutshelwa eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakubi{13}} kobushushu obuphantsi.
Ngokusekwe kwinkangeleko kunye nobukhulu, iibhetri ze-lithium -zinokwahlulwa zibe ziibhetri zecylindrical kunye neeprismatic, njl.
Ngokusekwe kwindlela yokuvelisa iiseli, iibhetri ze-lithium -zinokwahlulwa zibe ziibhetri zenxeba (inxeba le-cylindrical kunye nenxeba elicaba), iibhetri ezipakishweyo, njl.
Ngokusekwe kuhlobo lwemathiriyeli yokupakisha, iibhetri ze-lithium{0}}zinokwahlulwa zibe yintsimbi{1}}ibhetri ekhesekileyo, ialuminiyam{2}}ibhetri ekheseweyo, iplastiki{3}}ibhetri ekheseweyo,{4}}iibhetri zepakethi, njl.
Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zesicelo, iibhetri ze-lithium{0}}zinokwahlulwa zibe phezulu{1}}iibhetri zobushushu, eziphantsi{2}}iibhetri zobushushu, iibhetri zamandla, kunye nomthamo webhetri, njl.
Ngokusekelwe kwiindawo zabo zesicelo, iibhetri ze-lithium -zinokuthi zichazwe njenge: iibhetri ezigciniweyo, iibhetri zamandla, kunye neebhetri zokugcina amandla.
Usetyenziso lweebhetri zeLithium{0}}
Kunokuthiwa okoko kwaveliswa ibhetri, ayikho enye imveliso yebhetri esetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza nangokubanzi njengelithium -ibhetri yeion. Ukusuka kumbane wewotshi yee-CPU zekhompyuter ukuya kwi-lithium enkulu -yeepakethe zebhetri zeion ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto nakwiinqanawa ezintywilayo, umahluko womthamo ungaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-10. Zinezicelo ezibanzi kubomi bemihla ngemihla, izixhobo zonyango, izithuthi zombane, izikhululo zamandla okugcina amandla, i-aerospace, kunye nomkhosi.
Emva kweminyaka engaphezulu kwe-10 yodumo, iibhetri ze-lithium -zibe yeyona nkqubo yamandla isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zedijithali ezifana neeselfowuni kunye neelaptops. Ngenxa yamandla abo athile aphezulu, zikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zamandla, iibhayisekile zombane, iibhasi zombane, umoya kunye nezikhululo zamandla okugcina amandla elanga, izikhululo zesiseko sonxibelelwano oluhambahambayo, izibane zombane zezibane, izixhobo zombane zokuhlangula i-capsule yezimayini, izixhobo zombane zejoni ngalinye, oonomathotholo, iibhetri zesathelayithi, kunye nezinye izicelo ezininzi. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2011, ubungakanani bemarike yoshishino lwebhetri ye-lithium yaseTshayina yafikelela kwi-39.7 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ngonyaka -ngokwanda kwe-43%, kwaye imveliso yonyaka yeebhetri ze-lithium yafikelela kwi-2.97 yeeyunithi zebhiliyoni, ngonyaka{10}}ngokwanda kwe-28. Ushishino lwebhetri yelithium lube ngumkhombandlela obalulekileyo woshishino kuqoqosho lwesizwe²¹.
