Kunyaka ophelileyo iqela lobunjineli bePolinovel lenze aukuguqulwa kwe-lithiumkuba 28-inqwelo ekuchithelwa kuyo iiholide flot e Arizona. Kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kokunikezelwa, umxhasi wafowuna: kutheni iinqwelo ezininzi zingaqali emva kokutshaja ubusuku bonke?
Kwasithatha iintsuku ezimbini ukuba siyiqonde. Iibhetri zomnye umboneleli zinendlela yokulala eqala emva kweeyure ezili-18 zokungasebenzi. Kufuneka ucofe iqhosha lomzimba ukuze ubavuse. Iphepha 47 lencwadana. Ngubani ofunda kude kangaka?
Eso siganeko satshintsha inkqubo yethu yokuhambisa. Ngoku yonke iprojekthi yebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa yePolinovel iquka-iphepha elinye elinikezelweyo elinoxwebhu oluquka "izinto ezikhankanywa yincwadi kodwa uqeqesho alwenziwanga." Olona lwazi{3}}lwendlela ugcino lwebhetri alukho kumaxwebhu asemthethweni. Isemihadini owele kuyo.
Ixesha lokunkcenkceshela: Elona nyathelo liPhakamileyo elinye{0}}Isenzo seMpembelelo kwiFleet yokuGcinwa kwebhetri
Itekhnoloji yeforum enye yayibeka kakuhle: 80% yokungaphumeleli kweasidi ngaphambi kwexesha{1}kubuyela emva kwiimpazamo zokunkcenkceshela. Isenzo esinye nje esi.
Impazamo eqhelekileyo kukongeza amanzi phambi kokutshaja. Ivakala isengqiqweni, akunjalo? Ibhetri iphantsi, yigcwalise, uze uyitshaje. Kodwa ilothe -ye-asidi ye-electrolyte iyakhula ngexesha lokutshaja. Amanzi afakwe ngaphambili aphuphuma phakathi{4}}phakathi komjikelo. Yintoni echithekileyo ayingomanzi acwengileyo. Yi-asidi yesulfuric exutyiweyo etya iitheminali zakho, yonakalisa isakhelo senqwelo, yenza buthathaka nayiphi na i-electrolyte eseleyo. Ulandelelwano olunye olungalunganga lunokucheba iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu kubomi bebhetri.
Umgangatho weprotocol wokugcinwa kwebhetri yePolinovel: amanzi emva kokugqiba ukutshaja, sebenzisa i-ASTM Uhlobo II lwamanzi adibeneyo, gcwalisa malunga ne-6mm ngaphezu kweepleyiti. Iibhetri ezingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ubudala zidinga nangaphantsi, mhlawumbi i-1-2mm ngaphantsi, kuba iipleyiti sele zandisiwe (batteryuniversity.com).
Sityhale indlela "yokunkcenkceshela imatrix" kwiprojekthi enye. I-Techs ifake ukuba angakanani amanzi athathwe yiseli nganye, ngalo lonke ixesha. Kwiinyanga ezintathu emva koko, kwavela ipateni: iiseli ezithile kwipakethi nganye zazisela kakhulu kunabanye. Ukuyilandela phantsi, safumana iivents ezivaliweyo kwezinye iimeko, ukuqhekeka kweenwele kwezinye. Loo nkqubo yokugawula imithi yabamba iipakethe zeengxaki ezisixhenxe ngaphambi kokuba nabani na kubo afele ebaleni. I-matrix yokunkcenkceshela ngoku isemgangathweni kwinkonzo nganye yebhetri yeenqwelo zePolinovel.
Amanyathelo oVavanyo lweHydrometer eNgqongileyo eBomi, hayi nje iNqanaba lokuTyala
Itshaja ebonisa "igcwele" ayithethi ukuba ibhetri isempilweni.SOCikuxelela ukuba ingakanani ijusi ekhoyo ngoku.SOHikuxelela ukuba singakanani umthamo oseleyo xa uthelekiswa neespekthi zakuqala. Ipakethe ingabonisa i-100% ye-SOC ngelixa ihambisa kuphela i-70% yoluhlu olulinganisiweyo.
Kwi-lead -asidi, i-hydrometer sisixhobo sakho se-SOH. Ukuhlolwa kwekota kuzo zonke iiseli kufuneka kubonise ukufundwa ngaphakathi kwe-0.015 enye kwenye. Ukwahluka ngaphaya kwe-0.030 kubonisa ukungalingani kweeseli ezifuna ukulingana. Ukuba ukulingana akubuyiseli ufundo emgceni, loo pakhi ikwixesha elibolekiweyo.
IBMSkwiPolinovel LiFePO4 iinkqubo zebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa ilandelela i-SOH ngokuzenzekelayo. Kodwa uninzi lwabaphathi bezithuthi abaze bajonge le datha. I-app yePolinovel yokubeka iliso kwibhetri esibonelela ngayo ikuvumela ukuba usete imida yesilumkiso se-SOH kwi-85%, 80%, 75%. Ngexesha inqwelo isifa kwi-fairway, ixesha liphelile ukucwangcisa.
Kufanelekile ukukhankanya "ukufa ngequbuliso" ukuziphatha kwe-lithium ngokwahlukeneyo. I-Lead -iasidi iphela kancinci kancinci. I-Front 9 ivakala iqhelekile, umva idonsa ezilithoba. Abaqhubi abanamava bayawuqaphela umahluko. ILithium yahlukile. I-BMS igcina i-voltage ephumayo ide ifike kukhuseleko lwe-cutoff, emva koko ivale ngoko nangoko. Akukho silumkiso. Abaphathi beeFlethi kufuneka bacwangcise ukutshintshwa kwabo phambi kwezilumkiso ze-BMS, hayi emva koko. Yiyo loo nto ukujonga i-SOH kusemgangathweni, akukhethi, kuzo zonke isisombululo sebhetri yeenqwelomoya zePolinovel.
Xa ukuguqulwa kweLithium Ngokwenene Kuhlawula
Nasi isakhelo sesigqibo esisekwe kwidatha yeprojekthi ukusuka kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo:
-uxinzelelo oluphezulu lweenqwelomoya ezibaleka 4+ iiyure mihla lebetha ikhefu-nakwiinyanga ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-30. Ukulibazisa ukuguqulwa kwezi meko kubiza imali rhoqo ngenyanga ulindile. Ikhosi enye yaseCalifornia iqhelekile: imijikelo engama-73,000 ngonyaka, indawo enenduli. Emva kokutshintshela kwi-lithium, enye -inqwelo yomthamo wemihla ngemihla yatsiba ukusuka kwimingxuma eli-18 ukuya kwimingxuma engama-36-54. Yaphelisa imfuneko yeenqwelo ezigcinayo ngokupheleleyo.
Imisebenzi yekhosi eqhelekileyo kwiiyure ze-2-4 yonke imihlayolula payback ukuya kwiminyaka 3-4. Usenemali entle, kodwa ukungxamiseka kuyehla.
Ukukhanya-ukusetyenziswa kweemeko ngaphantsi kweeyure ezi-2 yonke imihlapush payback edlulileyo 5 iminyaka. Ngenene, ukuba iipakethi zakho zeasidi-zineminyaka emibini eshiyekileyo, sukuguquka ngoku. Gxininisa kulondolozo. Phinda ujonge isigqibo kumjikelo olandelayo wokuthenga.
Le miqobo mithathu isetyenziswa yiPolinovel ngaphakathi kuvavanyo lweprojekthi. Ukuba uthatha oku kwezezimali, yongeza izinto ezimbini eziguquguqukayo zasekuhlaleni: umyinge weyure wamagcisa welothe{1}}amaxabiso okugcina iasidi, kunye nexabiso lombane lokonga i-lithium. Amanani aseArizona abonakala ahluke kakhulu kumanani aseMinnesota. Ngaba ufuna izibalo ezithile? Qhagamshelana neqela lethu lobunjineli. Uya kuba ne-ROI spreadsheet elungele imali kwiiyure ezingama-48.
Impembelelo yoBuqondo kwiNqwelo yeGalufa Ubomi bebhetri bujongelwe phantsi
Idatha yeYunivesithi yaseBattery ibonisa rhoqo nge-15℃F ukunyuka ngaphezu kwe-77℃F ukusika kukhokelela-ubomi beasidi ngesiqingatha. Ibhetri egcinwe ku-95℃F yehlisa i-50% ngokukhawuleza kunenye kwi-77℃F. Kwi-107℃F ezinzileyo, ipakethe ekumele ihlale ishumi leminyaka inokuthatha unyaka omnye.
Iinqanawa zemozulu eshushu kufuneka zonyuse amaxesha okunkcenkceshela ukusuka kwi-biweekly ukuya kwiveki nganye ehlotyeni. Ukutshaja ixesha nako kubalulekile. Iindawo ezininzi ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide e-Arizona esisebenza nazo zitshintshelwe ekutshajiseni ubusuku bonke ukuqala nge-2 AM ngokukodwa ukunqanda uxinzelelo lobushushu emini kwiibhetri kunye neetshaja.
Iinqanawa zaseMantla zijongene neprofayili yomngcipheko eyahlukileyo. Ibhetri yeasidi egcweleyo -ayikukhenkceka de ibe -92℃F. Ekhutshiweyo ibanda ku-32℃F. Shiya inqanawa eziphelileyo ngaphandle ngobusuku ngoFebruwari, kwaye ungaphulukana nayo yonke into kusasa. Ukugcinwa kwasebusika kuthetha ukuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo, ukugcinwa kwe-trickle, ukubeka iliso lobushushu.
I-BMS kwi-Polinovel LiFePO4 iisistim zebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa iibhloko zokutshaja ngaphantsi kwe-32℃F ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuthintela umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa we-lithium plating. Sikwabonelela ngeemodeli zokufudumeza{3}}ezinezinto zokufudumeza zangaphakathi ezifudumeza iiseli kubushushu obukhuselekileyo phambi kokwamkela intlawulo. Kwizithuthi zasemntla eziqhuba unyaka{5}umjikelezo, olo lungelelwaniso lufanelekile ukuqwalaselwa.
Enye inqaku akukho mntu uyikhankanyayo: ilothe-ukutshaja kweasidi kuvelisa irhasi yehydrogen. Kwindawo evaliweyo, yingozi yokudubula. Ndibone iindawo zokulungisa ezinokuhamba komoya ongunothi ziqhuba iitshaja ezilishumi elinesibini ngobusuku. Oko kukungcakaza ngobomi.
Iwaranti yeBattery yeGalufa yePolinovel yohluke njani kwabanye
Ubude bewaranti yeyona ndlela iphosakeleyo ekukhetheni umthengisi.
Ezinye iibhrendi zibhengeza iiwaranti zeminyaka ezi-8 eziphuma kusuku lokuqala. Ngonyaka wesine, uhlawula ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seendleko zokubuyisela ngokwakho. Abanye bapapasha iminyaka eyi-11, kodwa izikhalazo zeforum malunga nokusetyenzwa kwamabango akunzima ukuzifumana.
IPolinovelibhetri yenqwelo yegalufaUlwakhiwo lwewaranti luyilwe ngokwahlukileyo: ukhuselo olunamanqanaba kunye nokutshintshwa okupheleleyo kwiminyaka yokuqala, iipesenti ezichazwe ngokucacileyo zokwabela kwiminyaka yamva. Akukho nto ifihliweyo ngombhalo omncinci. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, sinesiseko sethu sokuvelisa, ke amabango ewaranti akufuneki awele iPasifiki ukuze aqhubeke.
Ingcebiso yokwenyani: yeka ukulungisa kubude bewaranti. Buza malunga namazinga okuvunywa kwebango. Cela iireferensi zabathengi kwizithuthi eziqhuba iipateni zokusetyenziswa ezifanayo. Umnxeba wemizuzu engama-30 kunye nomthengi wokwenene ukuxelela iincwadana zeemveliso ezingaphezu kweshumi. Sinokubonelela ngoqhagamshelwano lwabathengi baseNyakatho Melika. Babuze ngokuthe ngqo ukuba amaxesha empendulo yenkonzo yebhetri yePolinovel athelekiswa njani.
I-Inshurensi Iba sisiguquguquko esifihlakeleyo kuKhetho lwebhetri yeNqwelo yeGalufa
Isebe loMlilo laseSt. Johns County likhuphe inani kutshanje: I-80% yemililo abasabela kuyo ngoku ibandakanya iibhetri zenqwelo yegalufa. Imagazini ye-Leader's Edge Magazine iqhube isiqwenga kulo nyaka uphelileyo iphawula ukuba abanye ababhala phantsi bahlengahlengisa iikowuti ngokusekwe kwindawo yokugcina ibhetri, okanye behla ngokukhawuleza.
I-LiFePO4 ukuzinza kwe-thermal kudlula kakhulu i-NMC chemistry. Iqondo lobushushu lokubola le-270℃xa lithelekiswa ne-150 degree. Ukuba iinqwelo zakho ze-lithium ziya kugcinwa phantsi okanye kufuphi ne-clubhouse, ukukhetha i-LiFePO4 ngaphezu kwe-NMC kunokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba unako ukukhusela i-inshurensi efanelekileyo.
Yonke imveliso yebhetri yenqwelo yegalufa yePolinovel isebenzisa ikhemistri yeLiFePO4. Hayi kuba itshiphu{2}}ixabisa ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yokuba akukho ndawo yokulalanisa kukhuseleko. Kubaphathi bezithuthi abaphonononga iinketho zoguqulo, i-engile ye-inshorensi ifanele ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu kunokuba iyifumana ngoku.
Ukuba usebenza ngovavanyo lokuthengwa kwebhetri yezithuthi okanye ukulungiswa kakuhle, iqela lobunjineli bePolinovel libonelela simahla ngothethwano lokuqala. Asiqinisekisi ngengcebiso yokuguqulwa kwe-lithium-njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ezinye iimeko zisathanda ilothe{2}}iasidi. Kodwa siyaqinisekisa ngesakhelo sesigqibo esicacileyo onokuthi usinikezele ngokuthe ngqo kwizemali.
