Yintoni iLiFePO4?

I-LiFePO4 yitekhnoloji yebhetri ehlaziywayo usebenzisa i-lithium iron phosphate njengento yayo ye-cathode. Le khemistri inikezela ngokhuseleko olukhethekileyo, ubomi bomjikelo obudlula iintlawulo ze-3,000, kunye nozinzo lwe-thermal ukuba iibhetri ze-ion ze-lithium{4}} azinakungqamana.

Isakhiwo esisisiseko seebhetri ze-LiFePO4 siqukethe amacandelo amathathu aphambili asebenza ngokubambisana kwe-electrochemical. I-cathode isebenzisa i-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), i-anode isebenzisa i-graphic carbon, kunye ne-lithium ions shuttle phakathi kwezi electrode ngokusebenzisa i-membrane ye-separator.

Yintoni eyenza le chemistry ibe nomdla ngakumbi yi-iron phosphate compound ngokwayo. I-covalent bonding eyomeleleyo ngaphakathi kwe-(PO4)³⁻ i-polyanion yehlisa i-covalent bonding kwii-ion ze-iron, ithoba amandla e-redox ukufezekisa amandla ombane angama-3.2V ngeseli. Oku kwahluke kwiiseli ze-lithium cobalt oxide kwi-3.7V okanye i-lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide uqwalaselo.

Ngexesha lokutshaja, ii-ion ze-lithium zifuduka kwi-iron phosphate cathode ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte ukuze zizifake kwi-graphite anode's layered structure. Xa ukhupha ibhetri ngokudibanisa umthwalo, ezi ion zibuyela umva, zibuyela kwi-cathode ngelixa ii-electron zihamba kwisekethe yangaphandle ukuhambisa amandla. Ubuhle bolu matshini busezinzo lwayo{2}}isakhiwo sekristale ye-olivine ye-LiFePO4 ifumana utshintsho oluncinci lwevolumu ngexesha leentshukumo ze-ion, igalelo kumjikelezo omangalisayo wokuphila ixesha elide.

Umahluko phakathi kweLiFePO4 kunye neebhetri eziqhelekileyo ze-lithium{1}}zidlula iilebhile zekhemistri. Iibhetri ze-ion eziqhelekileyo ze-lithium - zisebenzisa i-cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂), i-manganese oxide (LiMn₂O₄), okanye i-nickel{4}ikhompawundi ezisekwe njengemathiriyeli ye-cathode. Ezi zizisa uxinano lwamandla aphezulu{6}othetha amandla amaninzi ngekhilogram{7} kodwa ngexabiso.

I-LiFePO4 irhweba malunga ne-14% yoxinano lwamandla ngaphantsi kweempawu ezingcono zokhuseleko. Ulwakhiwo lwe-iron phosphate luhlala luzinzile kumaqondo obushushu apho i-cobalt -iiseli ezisekwe zingena kwi-thermal runaway. Ngelixa ibhetri ye-smartphone inokugqabhuka ukuba ihlatywe okanye itshajiswe kakhulu, iiseli zeLiFePO4 zigcina ingqibelelo yazo. Azinakutsha phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusilela.

Ikhemistri ikwasusa zombini i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-izinto eziphakamisa iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo kunye neengxaki zobonelelo. Iayini kunye neephosphates zininzi kuqweqwe loMhlaba, nto leyo eyenza iLiFePO4 ingabizi kakhulu ukuyivelisa. Isebe lohlalutyo lwamandla ka-2020 lifumanise ukuba iibhetri ze-LiFePO4 zixabisa malunga ne-6% ngaphantsi kwe-kilowatt{7}}ngeyure kunezinye iindlela ze-NMC, kunye nomsantsa owandayo njengoko imveliso ikhula.

Imakethi yebhetri yeLiFePO4 yehlabathi ifikelele kwi-17.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2024 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kukhula nge-15.7% yomyinge wonyaka ohlangeneyo ngo-2034, ibethe i-73.68 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Oku ayikokukhula kwentelekelelo{7}ibonisa utshintsho olusisiseko kwindlela amashishini acinga ngayo ngogcino lwamandla.

I-Tesla yatshintshela ukusetyenziswa kwayo-iibhetri zesikali kwi-LiFePO4 ngo-2021. Inkampani ngoku isebenzisa i-LFP chemistry kuyo yonke imodeli ye-Model 3 kunye ne-Model Y esemgangathweni yemoto eyenziwe emva kwe-Okthobha ka-2021. I-BYD, isibini esikhulu kunazo zonke kumenzi wezithuthi zombane emhlabeni, izinikele ngokufanayo kwi-chemistry. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi nkampani zimbini zisebenzisa i-68% yazo zonke iibhetri ze-LFP kwimarike ye-EV ukususela ngoSeptemba 2022, xa i-LFP ibambe i-31% yemarike yonke yebhetri yemoto yombane.

Abavelisi baseTshayina balawula imveliso ngoku, belawula malunga ne-90% yomthamo wokwenziwa kwe-LFP yehlabathi. Le ngqwalasela ngokuyinxenye isukela kukhuseleko lwangaphambili lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza olwanciphisa uphuhliso lwaseNtshona, nangona amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza aqala ukuphela ngo-2022. I-Ford ibhengeze izicwangciso ngoFebruwari ka-2023 ukutyala imali ezibhiliyoni ezi-3.5 zeerandi kumzi-mveliso waseMichigan ovelisa iibhetri ze-LFP kuluhlu lwesithuthi sombane-umqondiso wokuba abavelisi baseNtshona bayaliqonda ixabiso lekhemistri.

Icandelo logcino lwamandla omileyo libonisa ukwamkelwa okumangalisayo ngokulinganayo. Iinkampani ezifana ne-Enphase ubuvulindlela beenkqubo zokuhlala ze-LFP kwaye yodlula i-Tesla kunye ne-LG njengeyona{1}}catshulwe uphawu logcino lwamandla e-United States ngo-2021. Indibaniselwano yekhemistri yokhuseleko, ubomi obude, kunye neendleko{3}}ukusebenza kulungelelana ngokugqibeleleyo nezicelo apho iibhetri zinokusebenza amashumi eminyaka ngolungiso oluncinci.

LiFePO4

Ibhetri ye-LiFePO4 esemgangathweni ihambisa phakathi kwe-3,000 kunye ne-5,000 imijikelezo yentlawulo ngelixa igcina i-80% yomthamo wayo wokuqala. Iiseli zePrimiyamu ezifana nezo zikwi-EcoFlow DELTA Pro zifikelela kwimijikelo engama-6,500 ngaphambi kokuba zehle ziye kuma-50%. Thelekisa oku neebhetri ze-ion zelithium ezixhasa ama-500 ukuya kwi-1,000 imijikelo, okanye iibhetri zeasidi ezikhokelayo ezilawula nje ama-300 ukuya kuma-500 imijikelo.

Oku kuguqulela kwiiyantlukwano ezibambekayo zokusebenza. Inkqubo yokugcina amandla elanga esebenzisa iibhetri ze-LiFePO4 inokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwi-10 ukuya kwi-15 iminyaka kunye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili imihla ngemihla. Usetyenziso olufanayo olune-lithium eqhelekileyo-iyoni inokufuna ukutshintshwa emva kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5, kunye neenkqubo zeasidi{8}}zisoloko zifuna inkonzo phakathi kweminyaka emi-2.

Iibhetri zigcina i-voltage yokukhupha engaguqukiyo kuwo wonke umjikelo wabo. Ngokungafaniyo nelead-iibhetri zeasidi ezifumana ukuhla kwamandla ombane abalulekileyo njengoko ziphela, iiseli ze-LiFePO4 zibambelela ngokuthe nkqi kufutshane nombane wazo wegama de malunga ne-90% ikhutshwe. Olu phawu luqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo eziqhagamshelweyo zifumana amandla azinzileyo ngaphandle kweengxaki zolawulo lombane.

Ukunyamezela ubushushu kunwenwela ukusuka ku- - 4℃F (- 20℃) ukuya kwi-140℃F (60℃) ukuze usebenze, nangona ukutshaja okugqwesileyo kwenzeka phakathi kwe-32℃F (0℃) kunye ne-113℃F (45 degree). Iibhetri ze-ion ezisemgangathweni ze-lithium zifuna i-32℃F ukuya kwi-113℃F ukuze zisebenze ngokukhuselekileyo. Olu luhlu olwandisiweyo lwenza i-LiFePO4 ilungele izicelo kwimozulu embi kakhulu-ufakelo lwelanga kwimimandla yasentlango okanye iinkqubo zamandla ezigcinayo kwiimeko ezingaphantsi kwe-arctic.

Ulwakhiwo lwephosphate{{0} olusekwe kwicathode lubonelela ngozinzo lwe-thermal kunye neekhemikhali ezitshintsha ngokusisiseko amandla okhuseleko ebhetri. Xa iibhetri ze-lithium cobalt oxide zigqithisa, ioksijini ikhupha kwisakhiwo se-cathode, isondla ukuvutha kwisiganeko sokuzimela{2}}sokuzigcina kwe-thermal. Iibhondi ze-P- ze-O kwi-lithium iron phosphate ziyaxhathisa oku kubola nakumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Uvavanyo lubonisa olu uzinzo. Ukugqobhoza okanye ukutyumza iseli ye-LiFePO4 egcwele ngokupheleleyo kukhokelela kumfutshane wangaphakathi{2}}ukujikeleza kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu kodwa hayi umlilo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo. Uvavanyo olufanayo kwiseli ye-lithium cobalt oxide ihlala ibangela ukutsha okunobundlobongela. Lo mda wokhuseleko uvumela iibhetri zeLiFePO4 ukuba zisebenze kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ezifana nezangaphakathi zeRV, iikhabhini zamaphenyane, okanye iigaraji zokuhlala ngaphandle kweemfuneko zokungena komoya ezibanzi{6}}nangona ukuhamba komoya okusisiseko kuhlala kucebisekile kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yebhetri.

Ikhemistri inyamezela ukutshaja ngokugqithisileyo kunezinye iindlela. Ngelixa ngaphezulu kwe-3.6V ngeseli nganye ngexesha lokutshaja kunokubangela ukuthotywa kancinci kancinci, ayibangeli iimeko eziyingozi kwangoko. Iisistim zolawulo lwebhetri ke ngoko zinokusebenzisa iisekethe zokhuseleko ezilula xa kuthelekiswa necobalt{3}esekwe kwiibhetri ezifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwentlawulo.

Ukutshaja ngaphantsi kubangela umngeni owahlukileyo. Ukukhupha iiseli ze-LiFePO4 ngaphantsi kwe-2.5V kunokubangela ukuchithwa okungenakuguqulwa, ukuguqula i-LiFePO4 kwi-FePO4 kunye nokonakalisa ngokusisigxina iseli. Iisistim zale mihla ze-BMS zithintela oku ngokukhupha imithwalo ngaphambi kokufikelela kumandla ombane abalulekileyo, kodwa kusabalulekile ukusebenzisa iitshaja kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa iikhemistri zeLiFePO4 kunezixhobo ze-ion ze-lithium{7}}.

Izithuthi zombane zimele ezona zicelo zibonakalayo ze-LiFePO4. I-Chevrolet Spark EV yaba yimoto yokuqala yokuvelisa esebenzisa iibhetri ze-LFP kwi-2014, kunye ne-A123 Systems inikezela iipakethi. Namhlanje, abavelisi abaninzi bamkela itekhnoloji yokungena-inqanaba kunye nephakathi{6}}loluhlu lwezithuthi zombane apho uxinano lwamandla olusezantsi lwamkelekile kukhuseleko kunye neendleko zenzuzo.

Iinqwelo zegalufa kunye nezithuthi eziluncedo ziya zisanda kusebenzisa iibhetri ze-LiFePO4 njengokhokelo oluthe ngqo{1}}lotshintsho lweasidi. A eqhelekileyo72 volt lithium ion ibhetriInkqubo yenqwelo yegalufa inobunzima obumalunga nesinye-sekota ye-lead elinganayo{1}}yebhanki yebhetri yeasidi ngelixa ihambisa uluhlu olude kwaye itshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ulungelelwaniso lwe-72V lubandakanya iiseli ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-23 zeLiFePO4 eziqhagamshelwe kuthotho, zibonelela ngombane ofunekayo kwiinjini zombane kwiinqwelo zegalufa, izithuthuthu, izithuthuthu, kunye nezixhobo ezilula zamashishini.

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla elanga zonyusa ubomi bomjikelo omde we-LiFePO4 kunye noluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bokusebenza. Iibhetri zigcina ngokufanelekileyo ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga ngexesha leeyure zemveliso ephezulu ukuze zisetyenziswe emva kokutshona kwelanga okanye ngexesha lokucima kwegridi. Ukunyamezela kwabo imo-yokusebenza{4}}kwentlawulo{5}}ngokungafaniyo nelothe{6}ibhetri yeasidi ethotywayo xa ingatshajwanga ngokupheleleyo{7}}ibenza balungele ukukhwela ibhayisekile yonke imihla kwizicelo zamandla ahlaziyekayo.

Izicelo zaselwandle kunye neRV zixhamla kwi-LiFePO4's indibaniselwano yobunzima bokukhanya, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Ipakethe yebhetri eyi-72V 180Ah inganika amandla iimotor ezijikelezayo zombane, izinto zombane zendlu, kunye nezixhobo zombane ngelixa imelana nokungcangcazela, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, kunye nokuphatha rhabaxa ngamanye amaxesha oku kubandakanya. Ubunzima obucuthiweyo xa buthelekiswa nenkqubo{5}}yeasidi iphucula ukusebenza kwenqanawa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.

Amacandelo amashishini kunye nezorhwebo ahambisa i-LiFePO4 kwii-forklifts, izithuthi ezikhokelwayo ezizenzekelayo, kunye neenkqubo zamandla zokulondoloza. Amaxabiso aphezulu ebhetri 'akhupha amandla axhasa amandla{2}}izixhobo ezilambileyo ngelixa ukutshaja kwazo ngokukhawuleza kucutha ixesha lokuphumla. Iinkampani zonxibelelwano zisebenzisa iibhetri ze-LFP kumandla ogcino lwe-cell tower, ibhanki kwi 10+ ubomi bonyaka wokusebenza ukunciphisa iindleko zogcino kufakelo olukude.

LiFePO4

Iibhetri zeLiFePO4 zifuna iitshaja ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa iprofayili yazo yombane. Inkqubo yokutshaja ilandela-indlela yamanqanaba amabini: umsinga ongaguqukiyo olandelwa ngumbane ongaguqukiyo. Ngexesha eliqhubekayo langoku, itshaja inikezela nge-amperage ezinzileyo-kakuhle ngu-0.5C ukuya ku-1C, okuthetha ukuba sisiqingatha ukuze silingane ne-amp{7}}yereyithingi yeyure yebhetri{8}}de iiseli zifikelele ku-3.6V nganye. Kwinkqubo ye-72V, oku kuthetha ukutshaja de umthamo wepakethi ufikelele malunga ne-83-85V.

Nje ukuba i-voltage yokufunxa ifikelele kwimo emalunga ne-90% yentlawulo, itshaja itshintshela kwimowudi yombane engaguqukiyo. Okwangoku iyehla kancinci njengoko iiseli zigcwala, ukutshaja kugqitywe xa kuhla ukuya kwi-5-10% yomthamo webhetri. Oku kwahlukile kwiiprothokholi zokutshaja -zeasidi ezisebenzisa iintlawulo zokulinganisa okanye iindlela zobuchule bevoltage edadayo ezinokonakalisa iiseli zeLiFePO4.

Ukusebenzisa i-lithium eqhelekileyo - itshaja ye-ion eyenzelwe iiseli ze-4.2V kwiibhetri ze-LiFePO4 ibangela ukutshaja, njengoko i-voltage target idlula uluhlu olukhuselekileyo lwe-iron phosphate chemistry. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukusebenzisa iitshaja ze-lead{4}}ze-asidi zidla ngaphantsi kweebhetri ze-LiFePO4 kwaye zinokungabangeli ukupheliswa kwentlawulo.

Ulawulo lobushushu ngexesha lemiba yokutshaja. Ukutshaja ngaphantsi komkhenkce kunokubangela i-lithium plating kwi-anode, ukunciphisa ngokusisigxina umthamo. Iinkqubo ezininzi zolawulo lwebhetri ezisemgangathweni ziquka izinto zokufudumeza ezifudumeza ipakethe kumaqondo obushushu okutshaja akhuselekileyo phambi kokuvumela ukuhamba kwangoku. Ngokufanayo, ukutshaja kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-113 degrees F kukhawuleza ukuthotywa.

Izikhundla zamaxabiso okuqala eLiFePO4 kwiibhetri kwiprimiyamu xa kuthelekiswa nelead-ezezinye zeasidi. Ipakethi ye-72V 100Ah LiFePO4 inokubiza i-$2,000-3,000, ngelixa iibhetri ezilinganayo ze-lead-acid zisebenzisa i-600-1,000 yeedola. Lo mahluko wamaxabiso uthintela abanye abathengi ukuba bajonge iindleko zangaphambili bodwa.

Ubalo lutshintsha kakhulu xa kuvavanywa iindleko ngomjikelo ngamnye. Kwimijikelezo ye-3,000 ubuncinci, ipakethe ye-LiFePO4 ihambisa amandla kwi-$ 0.67 - 1.00 ngomjikelezo. Lead{12} iibhetri zeasidi ezilawula imijikelo engama-400 zibiza i-$1.50-2.50 ngomjikelo ngamnye. Kubomi bokusebenza kwebhetri, iinkqubo ze-LiFePO4 zihlala zixabisa i-30-50% ngaphantsi kokubuyisela ngokuphindaphindiweyo iibhetri ze-lead-acid.

Izinto ezongezelelekileyo ziyalwandisa olu ncedo. Iibhetri ze-LiFePO4 zinokukhupha ukuya kwi-100% ubunzulu ngaphandle komonakalo, ngelixa iibhetri ze-asidi ezikhokelayo kufuneka zikhuphe kuphela kwi-50% ubunzulu ukugcina ubomi bomjikelezo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ibhetri ye-100Ah LiFePO4 ibonelela ngesakhono esilinganayo sokusebenziseka kwi-200Ah lead{9}ibhetri yeasidi, iphucula ngakumbi uthelekiso lweendleko.

Iindleko zokuyigcina ziyanyamalala ngeLiFePO4. Ilead{{1}ibhetri zeasidi zifuna ukongezwa kwamanzi ngamaxesha athile, ukucocwa kwetheminali, kunye nokutshaja ngokulinganayo. Iisistim ze-LiFePO4 zisebenza ngokulungiswa{4}}simahla ngaphaya kohlolo loqhagamshelwano olusisiseko. Iibhetri nazo{6}}zizikhupha ngokwazo malunga ne-2-3% ngenyanga xa kuthelekiswa ne-5-10% ye-lead-asidi, oku kuthetha ukuba iibhetri ezigciniweyo zigcina intlawulo ngaphandle kokutshaja rhoqo ulondolozo.

Ukuncitshiswa kobunzima kuzisa ukonga ngokungathanga ngqo kwizicelo eziphathwayo. Ukutshintsha iipounds ezingama-400 zeebhetri ze-asidi nge-100 leeponti ze-LiFePO4 kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesithuthi, kwandisa uluhlu, kwaye kunciphisa ukuguga kumalungu okunqunyanyiswa. Ukusetyenziswa kolwandle, ukonga ubunzima kuphucula ukusebenza kwenqanawa kunye noqoqosho lwamafutha.

Ukungabikho kwe-cobalt, i-nickel, kunye neendawo ezinetyhefu ezinzima kwi-LiFePO4 njengekhemistri yebhetri enoxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Iayini kunye neephosphates zibeka umngcipheko omncinci wendalo ngexesha lokutsalwa, ukusetyenzwa, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona. Iibhetri azinazo iigesi ezinobungozi okanye iiasidi ezinokuvuza ngexesha lokusebenza okanye ukulahlwa.

Iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha iibhetri zeLiFePO4 azintsonkothanga kunecobalt-ezizezinye ezisekwe. I-iron phosphate inokufunyanwa kwakhona kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona kwiibhetri ezintsha, imveliso yentsimbi, okanye izichumisi zephosphate. Ngelixa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zokurisayikilisha ziqhubeleka nokuphuhliswa, ixabiso lemathiriyeli ekhoyo kunye neemfuno ezilula zokusetyenzwa zenza ukuba ukurisayikilisha kwe-LFP kusebenzeke ngokwezoqoqosho.

Ubomi obandisiweyo bokusebenza bunciphisa imfuno yokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye neempembelelo ezinxulumene nokusingqongileyo. Ibhetri enye ye-LiFePO4 esebenza iminyaka eyi-10-i-15 iminyaka igxotha i-3-i-5 yokutshintshwa kwebhetri ye-lead-acid okanye i-2-3 eqhelekileyo yokutshintshwa kwe-lithium-ion. Oku kuncitshiswa komjikelo wokwenziwa kwemveliso kunciphisa ukutsalwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto zothutho kumjikelo wobomi bemveliso.

Isiphelo-so{1}}sobomi iibhetri zeLiFePO4 zihlala zigcina i-70-80% yomthamo wokuqala, izenza zilungele usetyenziso lwesibini. Iibhetri zeemoto ezitshintshwayo ngenxa yokunciphisa uluhlu zinokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo yokugcina amandla apho uxinano lwamandla lubaluleke ngaphantsi kweendleko kunye nokuthembeka. Oku kusetyenziswa kwe-Cascading kwandisa inzuzo epheleleyo yokusingqongileyo yebhetri nganye eveliswayo.

Ulungelelwaniso lweeseli ezisemgangathweni lulandela iipateni zeshishini. Iiseli zodwa zihambisa i-3.2V yombane yegama elinamandla ukusuka kwiiyunithi ezincinci ze-3Ah zombane ophathwayo ukuya kwiiseli ezinkulu ze-300Ah zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla. Ulungelelwaniso oluqhelekileyo lothotho lubandakanya:

Iinkqubo ze-12V: iiseli ezi-4 kuthotho (12.8V nominal)

Iinkqubo ze-24V: iiseli ezisi-8 kuthotho (25.6V nominal)

Iinkqubo ze-48V: iiseli ezili-15 kuthotho (48V nominal)

Iinkqubo ze-72V: iiseli ezingama-20-23 kuthotho (64V-73.6V nominal)

Ibhetri ye-lithium ion ye-72 volt elungiselelwe kunye nekhemistri ye-LiFePO4 ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa iiseli ze-23 kwi-3.2V nganye, ivelisa i-voltage yegama le-73.6V. Oku kodlula kancinane ukutyunjwa kwe-72V kodwa kuhlala kuluhlu lwamandla ombane angama-72V{8}}alinganiswe kwisilawuli seemoto kunye neziguquli. Ubumbeko lufanele izithuthuthu zombane,{10}iibhayisekile ezinkulu ze-e, iinqwelo zegalufa, kunye nezithuthi zombane ezincinci ezifuna unikezelo lwamandla amakhulu.

Amazinga okukhupha ayahluka ngokuyilwa kweeseli kunye nokwakhiwa. Uninzi lweeseli ze-LiFePO4 zixhasa ukukhutshwa okuqhubekayo kwe-1C, oku kuthetha ukuba banokuhambisa ngoku ngokulingana nomthamo wabo wokulinganisa -ibhetri eyi-100Ah inokuqhubeka nokubonelela nge-amps ezili-100. -iiseli zokusebenza eziphezulu ezenzelwe izixhobo zamandla okanye izithuthi zombane zixhasa i-3C ukuya kwi-20C yokukhupha amazinga, nangona obu buchule buza ngeendleko ezongeziweyo.

Ubuninzi bamandla buqala ukusuka kwi-90-120 Wh/kg ye-LiFePO4 xa kuthelekiswa ne-150-220 Wh/kg ye-NMC lithium{7}}ibhetri ze-ion. Oku kuxinana kusezantsi kufuna umthamo omkhulu womzimba okanye ubunzima bokugcina amandla alinganayo. Kwizicelo apho ubunzima kunye nendawo ibaluleke kakhulu-i-aerospace, izithuthi zombane ezisebenza kakhulu-ikhemistri ye-NMC ihlala iphumelela. Apho ukhuseleko, ubomi obude, kunye neendleko zibaluleke ngakumbi, i-LiFePO4 ilawula.

LiFePO4

Iibhetri ze-LiFePO4 zihambisa i-3,000 ukuya kwi-5,000 kwimijikelo yentlawulo ngelixa igcina i-80% umthamo, iguqulela ukuya kwi-10 -iminyaka eyi-15 kwi-applications yemihla ngemihla. Iiseli zePremium zinokugqitha kwimijikelo engama-6,500. Ubomi bekhalenda bunwenwela ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka 10+ nangokusetyenziswa okuncinci, njengoko ikhemistri ifumana ukhuphelo olucothayo kunye nokuthotywa okuncinci xa igcinwe ngentlawulo eyinxenye.

No. Standard lithium -itshaja ion ijolise 4.2V ngeseli ngelixa iiseli LiFePO4 zifuna 3.6V ubuninzi bombane wokutshaja. Ukusebenzisa itshaja engalunganga kubangela ukutshaja, ukuvelisa ubushushu kunye nokunciphisa umthamo ngokusisigxina. Ngalo lonke ixesha sebenzisa iitshaja ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ikhemistri yeLiFePO4 okanye iitshaja ezilungiselelwayo zisetelwe kwiprofayile yombane echanekileyo.

Ulwakhiwo lwekhemikhali ye-iron phosphate luyaxhathisa ukubola kwe-thermal kunye nokukhutshwa kweoksijini eqhuba ukubaleka kwe-thermal kwi-cobalt{0}}esekelwe kwiibhetri. P olomeleleyo -Iibhondi ze-O zihlala zizinzile kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, zithintela ukuzinza{3}}ukusabela kokutsha okwenza ukuba ezinye iibhetri ze-lithium zibe yingozi xa zonakele okanye zishushu kakhulu. Iiseli ze-LiFePO4 zingenakutsha phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli.

Iibhetri ze-LiFePO4 zisebenza kumaqondo obushushu ukusuka kwi--4℃F ukuya kwi-140℃F, nangona ukusebenza kuyehla kumaqondo agqithisileyo. Ukutshaja ngaphantsi kwe-32℃F kunokubangela umonakalo osisigxina nge-lithium plating. Iinkqubo zokulawula ibhetri ezisemgangathweni zibandakanya izinto zokufudumeza iibhetri ezifudumeleyo ngaphambi kokuvumela intlawulo yangoku kwiimeko ezibandayo. Amandla okukhupha ahlala amkelekile kwimozulu ebandayo, nangona umthamo okhoyo uyancipha okwethutyana.

I-LiFePO4 imele indawo yokuvuthwa kubuchwephesha bebhetri egcwalisekayo{1}}ikhemistri encama uxinano lwamandla ukuphumeza ukhuseleko olungcono, ubomi obude, kunye neendleko{2}}ezisebenzayo. Itekhnoloji ihambe ngaphaya kokwamkelwa kwangethuba ukuya kubhengezo oluqhelekileyo kuwo wonke amashishini apho ezi mpawu zibaluleke ngaphezu kwamandla aphezulu ngekhilogram.

Umkhondo wemarike ucebisa ukuba olu tshintsho luqhubeke. Njengoko izikali zokuvelisa, iindleko ziyancipha. Njengokuba amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza ephelelwa, iinkampani ezininzi zingena kwimveliso. Njengoko izicelo zibonisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka, ukuzithemba kwitekhnoloji kuyakhula. Nabani na ovavanya iindlela zogcino lwamandla{4}ukuba unika amandla isithuthi sombane, ukugcina amandla elanga, okanye ukubuyisela ilothe{5}ibhetri yeasidi kwisixhobo esikhoyo{6}}i-LiFePO4 ifanele ukuqwalaselwa nzulu ngokusekelwe kwirekhodi layo elimiselweyo kunye noqoqosho olunyanzelisayo.