Yintoni i-Electromagnetic Compatibility?

Iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu kweli shishini kunye ne-EMC isandiluma eesileni ubuncinci kabini ngonyaka.

Kwintlakohlaza edlulileyo ndiye ndabizwa kwiprojekthi yenkampani eyenza iiveni zokuhambisa. I-BMS yabo yahlala iphosa iimpazamo ze-cell overvoltage. Akukho overvoltage yokwenyani - iiseli bezilungile. I-IC ebeka iliso yayifunda inkunkuma. Babeleqa oku kangangeenyanga ezintathu. Kutshintshwe iitshiphusi ze-AFE kabini. Ubuyisele intambo yoluvo. Akukho nto yasebenza.

Kundithathe iintsuku ezimbini ukuyifumana. Umlawuli wabo wemoto uhleli i-intshi ezilishumi elinesibhozo ukusuka kwipakethi yebhetri. Akukho zikhuselo phakathi kwabo. Umlawuli wayetshintshela kwi-8 kHz kwaye yonke imiphetho idityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwimigca yengqondo yeseli. Iingcingo zazisebenza njengeempondo. Amashumi amabini eemilivolthi zengxolo ebangelwa kumlinganiselo ofuna ukuchaneka kwemilivolti. I-BMS yabona i-voltage spikes eyayingekho kwaye yavala yonke into.

Leyo yi-EMC. Ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic. Izinto zakho kufuneka zisebenze malunga nezinye izinto ngaphandle kokuba enye ibhuqe enye.

I-EMC iqhekeka ibe ziziqwenga ezibini kwaye kufuneka ujongane nazo zombini.

Ukukhutshwa kuthetha ingxolo ekhutshwa sisixhobo sakho. Yonke isekethe yokutshintsha isasaza. Wonke ucingo olunokutshintsha kwangoku ludala imagnethi. I-DC-isiguquli se-DC esisebenza nge-200 kHz sitshiza amandla e-RF kuyo yonke indawo. Ukuba loo mandla omelele ngokwaneleyo axinzelela unomathotholo kwi-cab okanye wonakalise imiyalezo yebhasi ye-CAN okanye enze umlawuli we-ABS acinge ukuba amavili ayatshixa.

Ukuchaphazeleka kwelinye icala. Ingakanani i-crap inokuthatha isixhobo sakho ngaphambi kokuba siyeke ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. I-BMS kufuneka ifunde umbane weseli ngokuchanekileyo ngelixa ihleli ecaleni kwe-inverter ebethelela ibhasi ye-DC ene-400 amp pulses kwi-10 kHz. Iisekethe zokuva kufuneka zingayihoyi yonke loo nto kwaye zisalinganisela eyona volthi yeseli.

Uninzi lweenjineli endidibana nazo zicinga ngokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kuba yile nto iimvavanyo zolawulo zijolise kuyo. Balibala ukuchaphazeleka de imveliso ingaphumeleli entsimini. Emva koko wonke umntu uyaphakuzela.

I-lead endala{0}ibhetri zeasidi zihleli apho. Uzibophe ngebhowudi waza wadibanisa iintambo ezimbini. Mhlawumbi ubune-shunt yomlinganiselo wangoku. Kwaba njalo.

Iipakethi zeLithium zinee-elektroniki kuyo yonke indawo. I-BMS ibeka iliso kwiseli nganye. Ithetha nabenzi bobushushu obuthe saa kwipakethi. Inxibelelana nesithuthi ngaphezulu kwe-CAN okanye enye ibhasi. Ilawula abafowunelwa. Ibala imeko yentlawulo kunye nemeko yempilo usebenzisa i-algorithms exhomekeke kwimilinganiselo echanekileyo.

Igama eliphambili lichanekileyo. Umlinganiselo wombane weseli okhukuliseka ngeemilivolthi ezingama-50 uphosa ubalo lwakho lwe-SOC. Yenza loo nto kwikhulu leeseli kwaye uluhlu lwakho loqikelelo alunamsebenzi. Yikhukulise nge-100 millivolts kwaye unokutshaja kakhulu iseli okanye uphoswe yimeko yokungabikho kwamandla ombane.

Iingcingo zoluvo zizinto ezibuthathaka. Zibaleka ukusuka kwimpompo nganye yeseli ukuya kwibhodi ye-BMS. Kwipakethi enkulu oko kuthetha ukuba iingcingo ezihamba iimitha ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwindawo ezele yingxolo yombane. Yonke intambo iphakamisa ukuphazamiseka. Okukhona ucingo lude kokukhona ingxaki iba mandundu.

Ndisebenze kwipakethi yebhetri yebhasi apho intambo yokuqonda yayibaleka kanye ecaleni kwebha yebhasi yeDC. Imivalo ithwele i-amps ezingama-300 ngexesha lokukhawulezisa. Umhlaba wemagnethi osuka kulaa millivolt yangoku{3}}yenqanaba leempawu kwiingcingo zengqiqo. I-BMS yayicinga ukuba iiseli zazixhumela phezulu ziphantsi. Yangena kwindlela yokukhusela kwaye yabulala ibhasi kuhola wendlela.

Electromagnetic Compatibility

Iindlela zokusilela zimbi.

Ubuxoki overvoltage iihambo zixhaphakile. Ingxolo yongeza kwi-voltage yeseli yokwenyani kwaye i-BMS icinga ukuba iseli ikwi-4.3V xa ikwi-4.1V ngokwenene. Ukhuseleko luyakha kwaye inkqubo iyacima. Umsebenzisi ubona ikhowudi yempazamo engenzi ngqiqo kuba iiseli zilungile.

I-Undervoltage yobuxoki imbi ngakumbi. I-BMS icinga ukuba iseli isezantsi kunokuba injalo. Igcina ukukhupha kudlule umda okhuselekileyo. Umonakalo wokwenyani uyenzeka.

Iimpazamo zonxibelelwano zonakalisa izinto ngokwahlukileyo. Ipakethi yebhetri inokuba neebhodi zokugada ezintandathu okanye ezisibhozo{1}}ezibotshelelwe kwibhasi ye-isoSPI. Loo bhasi ibaleka kwiimegahertz ezimbalwa. I-EMI yonakalisa ipakethi kwaye ngequbuliso umlawuli oyintloko unedatha embi yeeseli ezilishumi elinesithandathu. Ngaba iyacima? Ngaba iyasebenzisa ufundo lokugqibela oluhle? Ngaba iyadibanisa? Yonke inketho ineengxaki.

Umlinganiselo wobushushu uyonakala nawo. Izifudumezi ze-NTC zivelisa iimpawu ezincinci. Iimilivolthi ezimbalwa zengxolo zijongeka ngathi yi-swing yeqondo lobushushu elingamashumi amabini. I-BMS inokuvula ukupholisa okungafunekiyo okanye iphose indawo yokubaleka eshushu eqalayo.

Imigangatho yolawulo ikhona kodwa iyingxubakaxaka yeemfuno ezihambelanayo.

Icandelo le-FCC le-15 libandakanya izinto ezikhutshwayo eMntla Melika. Imisela imida yokuba angakanani amandla eRF enokuthi imveliso yakho itshizwe emoyeni. Imida ixhomekeke ekubeni uthengisela abathengi okanye abasebenzisi bemizi-mveliso. Imizi-mveliso iyancipha ngakumbi.

Kwizithuthi ujongana ne-CISPR 25 kunye ne-CISPR 12. Le yimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe amazwe amaninzi ayamkelayo ngee-tweaks ezincinci. Bachaza iindlela zovavanyo kunye nemida yokuqhutywa kunye nokukhutshwa kwemitha kwizithuthi kunye namalungu esithuthi.

Uphawu lwe-CE yaseYurophu lufuna ukuthotyelwa kwe-EMC Directive. Oko kuhlala kuthetha ukudibana ne-EN 55032 yokukhutshwa kunye ne-EN 55035 yokhuseleko. Kwizinto zeemoto ubhekisa kwi-EN 50498 endaweni yoko.

Ke yonke imoto ye-OEM ineenkcazo zayo ezibekwe phezulu. Ford banento yabo. UGM unenye. I-VW inencwadi epheleleyo. Ezi zikholisa ukuba ngqongqo kunobuncinane bolawulo kwaye zibandakanya iimvavanyo zokugomela ezithi imimiselo ingachukunyiswanga.

Ukuhamba kulo lonke olu vavanyo kubiza imali kunye nexesha. Isiqinisekiso esipheleleyo se-EMC ye-BMS yeemoto iqhuba i-$30,000 ukuya kwi-50,000 yeedola kwaye ithatha iiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezine zexesha legumbi. Ukuba awuphumelelanga ubuyela umva kwaye ulungise izinto kwaye uvavanye kwakhona. Ndibone iinkqubo zitshisa iinyanga ezintandathu kunye ne-$ 200,000 kuvavanyo lwe-EMC ngaphambi kokuba baphumelele.

Electromagnetic Compatibility

Ukukhusela sisixhobo esibuthuntu. Beka ibhokisi yentsimbi ejikeleze izinto ezibuthathaka kwaye uninzi lokuphazamiseka alukwazi ukungena. Ibhokisi kufuneka iqhubeke nangona. I-Seams iyavuza. Imingxuma yeziqhagamshelo iyavuza. Iindawo zokubeka umoya ngokusisiseko ziifestile zamandla eRF.

Ukukhusela okwenyani kuthetha iigaskets eziqhubayo kuwo wonke umthungo. Kuthetha izihlanganisi ezihluziweyo okanye i-feedthrough capacitors kwindawo nganye yokungena ngocingo. Kuthetha ukuba akukho zithuba zide kunesinye eshumini sobude bobude obuphezulu benkxalabo yakho. Okokugqibela kukhuphula abantu. Ukuba unenkathalo malunga nokuphazamiseka kwe-1 GHz iindawo zakho zokubeka kufuneka zibe ngaphantsi kwe-30 millimeters. Ithamsanqa lokufumana umoya opholileyo ngaloo nto.

Iziphatho zokucoca zenziwe uphazamiseko. Ubeka ii-inductors kunye nee-capacitors kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo ukuvala ingxolo ephezulu ngelixa udlulisa imiqondiso okanye amandla owafunayo ngokwenene. Isihluzi semowudi yokwahluka siphatha ingxolo ehamba phantsi kolunye ucingo kwaye ibuye kwenye. Imowudi eqhelekileyo ikrwitsha ibamba ingxolo ehamba kwicala elinye kuzo zombini iingcingo.

Uyilo lwesihluzi lukhohlisayo. Ukuphazamiseka komthombo kunye nemiba yomthwalo. Icebo lokucoca ulwelo oluvavanya lukhulu kwibhentshi ayinakwenza nto kwindlela eyiyo kuba izithintelo zahlukile. Ndibone iinjineli ngokuzingca zindibonisa isicwangiso sabo sokucoca emva koko ndizibuze ukuba kutheni imilinganiselo yengxolo ingatshintshanga. Bayila inkqubo yee-ohm ezingama-50 kwaye bayifakela kwinto ekhangeleka ngathi zii-ohm ezi-5 kumaza abawakhathaleleyo.

Isicwangciso somhlaba apho i-voodoo yangempela ihlala khona. Ipakethi yebhetri inevoltheji ephezulu kunye namacandelo ombane aphantsi. Icala le-HV libandakanya iiseli kunye neefowuni eziphambili kunye nesekethe yokutshaja kwangaphambili. Icala le-LV line-BMS kunye ne-CAN ujongano kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abekelwe bucala DC-iziguquli zeDC. Ezi nkqubo zimbini zomhlaba kufuneka ziqhagamshelane kanye kwindawo enye. Imidibaniso eyongezelelekileyo yenza iiluphu. Iiluphu zithatha uphazamiseko.

Ukufumana inqaku elinye elichanekileyo bubugcisa. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni umsinga uqukuqela phi na apho imilinganiselo ebuthathaka yenzeka khona nalapho imithombo yengxolo ihlala khona. Lonke uyilo lwahlukile. Ndinqwenela ukuba bendinokukunika ifomula kodwa ayikho.

Ngaphakathi kwe-BMS i-PCB uyilo yenza okanye yophula ukusebenza kwe-EMC.

Gcina izinto zedijithali zesantya esiphezulu zikude neesekethe zomlinganiselo we-analog. Iprosesa kunye ne-CAN transceiver kunye naziphi na izilawuli ezitshintshayo zokutshiza ingxolo. Amagalelo ombane weseli kunye neesekethe zomlinganiselo wobushushu zinovakalelo. Umgama ngokwasemzimbeni uyanceda. Ukuphuka kwenqwelomoya ephantsi phakathi kwamacandelo kunceda ngakumbi.

Izibini zokwahluka kwendlela kunye kwaye uzigcine zimfutshane. Imigca yengqiqo esuka kwiimpompo zeseli kufuneka ingene ebhodini ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi-chip ye-AFE. Ukulandelela okude kuthatha ukuphazamiseka okungakumbi.

Jonga iindlela zakho zokubuya. Eyangoku kufuneka iqukuqele kwilophu. Umqondiso uyaphuma kumkhondo omnye kwaye ubuyele komnye. Ukuba indlela yokubuya ayicacanga i-current ifumana indlela yayo kwaye loo ndlela inokuba yi-loop enkulu ephuma njenge-eriyali.

Galela ubhedu. Iinqwelomoya ezinkulu eziphantsi komhlaba zinciphisa i-impedance kwaye zinike imbuyekezo imisinga indlela ephantsi yokuthomalalisa. Ukuthunga ii-vias kubophe iinqwelomoya kunye kunye nokunciphisa i-resonances.

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ndiye ndabonisana nesiqalo sokwenza iipakethi zebhetri zeeforklifts. I-BMS yabo isebenze kakuhle ebhentshini. Kwi forklift yaphambana. Ukufundwa kwee-voltage kwatsibela ngapha nangapha. Ubalo lwe-SOC lwabhadula yonke indawo.

I-forklift yayinemoto enkulu ye-DC ene-chopper drive. Ngalo lonke ixesha i-chopper itshintshe yangoku kwiintambo eziphambili zitshintshwe ngamakhulu ambalwa e-amps kwii-microseconds ezimbalwa. Umhlaba wemagnethi osuka kuloo dI/dt udityaniswe kuyo yonke into.

Umzamo wabo wokulungisa yayikukongeza amaso e-ferrite kwimigca yengqiqo. Akhange enze nto. Uphazamiseko ibidibanisa ngomagnetic kwilophu eyenziwe ziingcingo zoluvo. Ibhloko yeFerrites iqhube ingxolo hayi udibaniso lwemagnethi.

Siye sagqiba ekubeni sisebenzise intambo yoluvo ngokusebenzisa umjelo oguquguqukayo kwaye siyihambisa kude kwiintambo eziphambili. Emva koko songeza iperi ejijekileyo kwimpompo nganye yeseli endaweni yeengcingo zodwa. Ukujija kunciphisa indawo yelophu apho imagnethi inokudibana khona. Ekugqibeleni siye sacothisa iisampulu kwi-chip ye-AFE ukuze idityaniswe ngaphezulu kwemijikelo yokuphazamiseka. Ingxolo yaphela.

Ulungiso lulonke luxabisa malunga needola ezintathu ngepakethi yocingo olongezelelweyo kunye nombhobho. Bekungayi kubiza nto ukuba bebecinge ngayo ngexesha loyilo lokuqala.

Electromagnetic Compatibility

Ukuba uthenga iipakethi zebhetri okanye iibhodi ze-BMS buza nge-EMC phambi kokuba uthenge.

Yiyiphi imigangatho abaye bavavanya kuyo? Buza ezona ngxelo zovavanyo hayi nje isatifikethi. Iingxelo zibonisa ukuseta uvavanyo kunye nomda ukuya kumda. Imveliso engakhange iphumelele lutshintsho loyilo olunye kude nokusilela.

Yeyiphi imeko-bume ye-electromagnetic abayiyilele yona? I-BMS eyenzelwe inqwelo yegalufa ayinakuphila kwibhasi ehamba ngee-inverters ezintathu zokutsalela.

Ngaba bavavanye ipakethe epheleleyo okanye ibhodi nje? Izindlu kunye neengcingo kunye nezihlanganisi zitshintsha ukuziphatha kwe-EMC. Ukuvavanya ibhodi engenanto ikuxelela phantse nto malunga nemveliso egqityiweyo.

Loluphi uhlobo lokucoca kunye nokukhusela okwakhelwe kulo? Ukuba impendulo ithi "sixhomekeke kumdibanisi wenkqubo ukusingatha oko" unengxaki. Ngoku unoxanduva lokuthotyelwa kwe-EMC kwaye usenokungabi nazakhono okanye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuyenza ngokufanelekileyo.

I-BMS engenazingcingo iyeza. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa iingcingo zengqiqo kwiseli nganye ubeka imodyuli encinci engenazingcingo kwiqela ngalinye leseli kwaye idlulisela idatha kumlawuli oyintloko. Iingcingo ezincinci. Kulula kwinkonzo.

Kodwa ngoku idatha yakho yokulinganisa ibhabha emoyeni ngophawu lwerediyo. Lo mqondiso kufuneka ukhuphisane nayo yonke ingxolo ye-electromagnetic evela kumbane wamandla. Iibhanti ezingenazingcingo sele zixinene. Ndibone iiprototypes apho i-BMS engenazingcingo yaphulukana nonxibelelwano ngexesha lokukhawulezisa nzima ngenxa yokuba ingxolo ye-inverter ibethelele umamkeli.

Amandla ombane aphezulu enza yonke into ibe nzima. Ishishini liya kwi-800V nangaphezulu ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye neentambo ezincinci. Umbane othe kratya uthetha amandla okutshintsha ngaphezulu kunye ne-EMI ngaphezulu. Iindlela ezifanayo zisasebenza kodwa kufuneka uzenze ngcono.

Ukumanyanisa kuhlala kusanda. I-BMS kunye netshaja ekwibhodi kunye ne-DC{1}}isiguquleli se-DC zonke zixinanise kwibhokisi enye. Ubunzima obuncinci kunye neendleko kodwa amathuba amaninzi okuphazamiseka phakathi kwemisebenzi. Isivamvo seseli ye-analog kufuneka siphile kwindawo ebiyelweyo njenge-10 kW yokutshaja.

I-EMC ayihambi. Iya isiba mandundu minyaka le njengoko izinto zombane zikhawuleza kwaye zixinene kwaye sibacela ukuba basebenze kwiindawo ezingqongqo. Ipakethi yebhetri yintliziyo yesithuthi sombane kwaye ukuyigcina ichanekile kwaye inokuthenjwa nangona isaqhwithi sombane esisijikelezileyo yile nto i-EMC isebenza ngayo.