Yintoni iRhafu yokukhupha?

Izinga lokukhutshwa lilinganisa ukuba ibhetri iwakhupha ngokukhawuleza kangakanani amandla ayo agciniweyo, achazwa njengangoku (i-amperes) xa kuthelekiswa nomthamo webhetri usebenzisa i-C{0}}inkqubo yokukala. Izinga lokukhutshwa kwe-1C lithetha ukuba ibhetri iya kukhupha ngokupheleleyo kwiyure enye, ngelixa izinga le-2C liyichitha kwimizuzu engama-30.

Ingqikelelo ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba izixhobo zakho zisebenza ixesha elingakanani nokuba ibhetri inokukhusela izixhobo zakho ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuqonda izinga lokukhutshwa kukunceda ukhethe iibhetri ezifanelekileyo zosetyenziso ukusuka kwii-smartphones ukuya kwizithuthi zombane, apho iimfuno zokuhanjiswa kwamandla zahluke kakhulu.

Abavelisi bebhetri kunye neenjineli zisebenzisa i-C-ireyithi njengendlela esemgangathweni yokuchaza isantya sokukhutshwa kuzo zonke iisayizi zebhetri. I "C" imele umthamo webhetri, ukwenza uthelekiso ngokuthe ngqo kungakhathaliseki ukuba uhlola iseli encinci ye-2000mAh okanye ipakethe enkulu yebhetri ye-100Ah.

Ubudlelwane bemathematika bulula: ukukhutshwa kwangoku (A)=C- izinga × umthamo webhetri (Ah). Ibhetri ye-50Ah ekhutshwe kwi-1C, ukuhamba kwangoku yi-50A, ihlala iyure enye. Kwi-0.5C, kwaloo bhetri ifanayo ihambisa i-25A iiyure ezimbini. Olu nxulumano luchaseneyo phakathi kwangoku kunye nexesha luhlala lungaguquguquki.

Uvavanyo lokwenyani-lwehlabathi oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseBattery lubonisa ukuba ibhetri eyi-1Ah e-2C kufuneka ithiyori inike umthamo opheleleyo kwimizuzu engama-30. Nangona kunjalo, ilahleko yangaphakathi iguqula amandla athile abe bubushushu, inciphisa umthamo wokwenyani ukuya malunga nama-95%. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukukhupha kwi-0.5C kaninzi kuvelisa ukufundwa kwamandla ngaphezu kwe-100% kuba amazinga acothayo anciphisa ilahleko yangaphakathi.

Amazinga okukhutshwa ahlukeneyo anikezela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ireyithi ye-0.2C (iyure ezi-5{3}}zokukhutshwa) ifanele izicelo ezifuna unikezelo lombane oluzinzileyo,{5}}ixesha elide. Iimeko eziphezulu zokusebenza ezifana ne-drone flight okanye i-electric vehicle acceleration demand rates ye-3C ukuya kwi-10C, apho iibhetri kufuneka zikhuphe amandla amakhulu ngokukhawuleza.

I-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ichaza i-0.2C njengomgangatho wokukhupha umlinganiselo wokuvavanya i-3.6V lithium -ibhetri ze-ion. Ngeli zinga, umthamo olinganisiweyo uhambelana ngokusondeleyo nomthamo olinganisiweyo. Uvavanyo oluqhutywe yi-XTAR kwiiseli ze-18650 lubonise ukufundwa komthamo we-3494mAh kunye ne-3489mAh kwi-0.2C yeebhetri ezilinganiswe kwi-3500mAh{10}}inguqu engaphantsi kwe-0.5%.

Isantya okhupha ngaso ibhetri sitshintsha indlela eziphatha ngayo kunye namandla akhoyo. Olu lwalamano luvela ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi, ekhoyo kuyo yonke ibhetri kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-chemistry okanye umgangatho.

Kumazinga aphezulu okukhutshwa, amandla amaninzi atshintshela kubushushu kunokuba asebenzise amandla ombane kwiitheminali. I-lead-ibhetri yeasidi ekalwe kwi-100Ah inokuzisa umthamo wayo opheleleyo xa ikhutshwe ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-20 (0.05C), kodwa ibhetri efanayo ekhutshwe ngeyure enye (1C) ibonelela kuphela i-80-85Ah ngenxa yokwanda kwelahleko yangaphakathi.

Iziphumo zobushushu zivakaliswa kumazinga aphezulu okukhutshwa. Uphando olupapashwe kwi-ACS Energy Letters lubonisa ukuba iibhetri ezisebenza kumazinga aphezulu e-C{1}}zinamava okuvelisa ubushushu, kukhawulezisa ukuwohloka kweekhemikhali. Uphononongo luka-2024 kwiibhetri zemoto zombane lufumene ukuba ukugcina amazinga okukhutshwa phakathi kwe-0.2C kunye ne-0.5C kukhulisa ukulingana phakathi kokusebenza, ixesha elide kunye nokhuseleko.

Ukuziphatha kwe-voltage kuyatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kuwo wonke amazinga okukhutshwa. -Ukukhutshwa kweqondo eliphezulu kubangela ukuba amandla ombane ehle ngokukhawuleza, afikelele kwindawo yokuyeka ngokukhawuleza kunokukhutshwa kancinane. Le sag yombane inciphisa amandla asebenzayo onokuwakhupha. Kwinkqubo yebhetri ye-24V ye-lithium, ukukhutshwa kwi-1C kunokubonisa i-voltage ezinzile malunga ne-25V, ngelixa ukukhutshwa kwe-3C kunokwehlisa i-voltage yokusebenza kwi-22V phantsi komthwalo.

Ijika lokukhupha-igrafu yokucwangcisa amandla ombane ngokuchasene nexesha{1}}ibonisa lo mahluko ngokucacileyo. Iibhetri zeLithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) zibonisa iigophe zokukhupha ezisicaba nakumaqondo aphakathi, zigcina amandla ombane angaguqukiyo de asondele{4}}ukukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo. Olu phawu lubenza bafaneleke ngokukodwa kwizicelo ezifuna ukukhutshwa kwamandla okuzinzileyo.

discharge rate

Ukumisela iqondo lokukhutshelwa elifanelekileyo kufuna ukuqonda iimfuno zamandla esixhobo sakho kwaye uzithelekise nemilinganiselo yebhetri. Ifomula esisiseko ibonelela ngesiqalo: C-ireyithi=yokukhupha yangoku (A) ÷ umthamo webhetri (Ah).

Cinga ngebhetri eyi-100Ah enika amandla umthwalo otsala i-50A. I-C-ukubalwa komlinganiselo uvelisa i-0.5C (50 ÷ 100), okuthetha ukuba ibhetri iya kuphuma kwiiyure ezimbini. Uqikelelo lwexesha lokusebenza, sebenzisa: ixesha (iiyure)=umthamo webhetri (Ah) ÷ ukukhutshwa kwangoku (A). Kulo mzekelo: 100Ah ÷ 50A=2 iiyure.

Unikezelo lwamandla lwazisa omnye umlinganiselo. Ibhetri ye-12V kwi-50A ihambisa i-600W (12V × 50A). Njengoko i-voltage yehla ngexesha lokukhutshwa, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okwenene kuyehla nokuba langoku lihlala lingatshintshi. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni izixhobo ezinebhetri{8}kaninzi ziphulukana nokusebenza phambi kokuba ibhetri ibonakale ingenanto.

Kuba24V iibhetri ze-lithiumesetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zelanga kunye nezithuthi zombane, ukhetho lwezinga lokukhupha luchaphazela kakhulu ukuyila inkqubo. I-100Ah 24V yebhetri ipakethe igcina i-2400Wh yamandla. Kwi-0.5C (50A), ithiyori ibonelela nge-1200W iiyure ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo,{9}ubuchule bokwenyani behlabathi buqala ukusuka kwi-85-95%, kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo wokukhupha kunye nobushushu.

Incopho xa kuthelekiswa namazinga okukhutshwa rhoqo afuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo. Iibhetri ezininzi zixela iireyithingi ezahlukeneyo kwezi meko. Ibhetri inokuphatha i-3C ngokuqhubekayo kodwa ixhasa iincopho ze-5C kwimizuzwana eyi-10-30. Lo mahluko ubalulekile kwizicelo ezinomthwalo oguquguqukayo, ezifana nezixhobo zamandla okanye iibhayisekile zombane ezifuna ukuqhuma kwamandla aphezulu ngamaxesha athile.

Iinkqubo zokulawula ibhetri (BMS) kwiibhetri ze-lithium zanamhlanje zijonga ngokunyanisekileyo amaxabiso okukhutshwa. Ezi nkqubo zithintela umonakalo ngokusika amandla ukuba umzobo wangoku udlula imida ekhuselekileyo. Ukuqonda iinkcukacha ze-BMS yakho kuqinisekisa ukuba awuyili inkqubo ebangela ukuvalwa kokhuseleko ngexesha lokusebenza kwesiqhelo.

Iikhemistri zebhetri ezohlukeneyo zibonisa iimpawu zokukhupha ezohlukileyo, zisenza ezinye zifaneleke ngcono-usetyenziso lwezinga eliphezulu ngelixa ezinye zigqwesa kwizinga elizinzileyo, elisezantsi{1}}lokukhupha.

Iibhetri zeLithium -zibonisa ukusebenza olomeleleyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwamazinga okukhutshwa. Iiseli zamandla (ezilungiselelwe umthamo) ngokuqhelekileyo zixhasa ukukhutshwa okuqhubekayo kwe-1C, ngelixa iiseli zamandla (ezilungiselelwe ukuhanjiswa kwangoku) zinokubamba i-5-10C ngokuqhubekayo. Uphando oluvela kwi-2024 lubonisa ukuba i-lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) chemistry inyamezela ukukhutshwa kwe-3C kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla amancinci, okwenza ukuba idume kwizithuthi zombane.

Iibhetri zeLithium iron phosphate zibonelela ngozinzo olubalaseleyo lobushushu kwaye zinokugcina amaxabiso aphezulu okukhutshwa ngaphandle kokuthotywa okubalulekileyo. Ukuvavanya kwiiseli ze-LiFePO4 kubonisa ukuba bagcina amandla angaphezu kwe-95% kwi-1C yokukhutshwa, behla malunga ne-90% kwi-3C. Iprofayili yabo eyongeziweyo yokhuseleko kumazinga aphezulu okukhutshwa kwenza ukuba bakhethe izicelo ezifana neenkqubo zokugcina amandla kunye neebhasi zombane.

Ilead{{0}ibhetri zeasidi zibonisa ukucutheka okukhulu komthamo kumazinga aphezulu okukhupha{1}}into echazwe nguMthetho kaPeukert. Ibhetri elinganiswe nge-100Ah nge-C/20 (i-20-yexabiso leyure) inokuzisa kuphela i-70-75Ah kwi-1C. Le khemistry's sluggish behaviour inomda we-0.2C (iyure ezi-5) okanye i-0.05C (iiyure ezingama-20) kwiireyithingi zezicelo ezininzi. Imethi yeglasi efunnyiweyo yangoku (AGM) kunye noyilo olutywiniweyo lwe-lead-asidi luphucula ukusebenza okuphezulu ngandlel' ithile kodwa lusalele ngasemva kwetekhnoloji ye-lithium.

Iibhetri zeNickel -zentsimbi ye-hydride (NiMH) zithatha umgangatho ophakathi, zixhasa amazinga okukhutshwa kwe-0.2C ukuya kwi-1C ngokufanelekileyo. Ngelixa zingahambelani nezakhono ze-lithium -, zibonelela ngokusebenza okuthembekileyo kwezixhobo zamandla, izithuthi ezixubeneyo, kunye nombane wabathengi ngexabiso elifanelekileyo.

Ukwakhiwa kwangaphakathi kuchaphazela kakhulu amandla okukhupha. -Iibhetri eziphakamileyo zisebenzisa imathiriyeli ye-electrode ene-conductivity engcono kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi ngokulungiswa koyilo. Uhlalutyo lukaGrepow oluthelekisa umlinganiselo ophezulu-uthelekiswa nomgangatho webhetri ku-40C wokuphuma ubonise umgangatho ophezulu- webhetri egcinwe yi-14.5V yombane yegama xa ithelekiswa ne-12.5V yomgangatho, ebonisa ukuba ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kuyichaphazela njani{8}}intsebenzo yehlabathi.

discharge rate

Izicelo ezahlukeneyo zifuna iimpawu zokukhupha ezohlukeneyo, okwenza izinga lokukhupha libe yikhrayitheriya ebalulekileyo yokukhetha.

Izithuthi zombane zibonisa imeko enzima yokukhupha. Ukuqhuba okuqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna i-0.2-0.5C, ngelixa ukukhawuleza okanye ukunyuka kweenduli kunokutyhala iimfuno kwi-2-3C ngokufutshane. Uphononongo luka-2024 malunga nokusebenza kwebhetri ye-EV lufumanise ukuba ukugcina umndilili wokukhutshelwa ngaphantsi kwe-0.5C ngexesha lemijikelo eqhelekileyo yokuqhuba kukhulisa ubomi bebhetri ukuya kuthi ga kwimijikelo engama-2000 ngelixa kusabonelela ngokusebenza okwaneleyo.

Iidrone kunye nenqwelomoya yokusuka emi nkqo yombane kunye nokumisa (eVTOL) zenza iimfuno ezigqithisileyo. Uphando olupapashwe kwi-ACS Energy Letters luvavanye iimfuno zebhetri ye-eVTOL, lufumanisa ukuba isigaba sokunyuka sifuna ukukhutshwa kwe-15C eqhubekayo{2}}igqithise kakhulu kwiimfuno ze-EV eziqhelekileyo. Iibhetri ze-lithium ezisemgangathweni - ze-ion eziphuhliselwe i-1- ukusebenza kwe-3C kubonise ukuthotywa ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwezi meko, kugxininisa imfuno yekhemistri yezinga eliphezulu.

Izixhobo zamandla zibonisa ukubaluleka kokukhutshwa kwe-pulse discharge. I-drill engenazintambo inokuzoba i-50-80A (i-10-15C ye-pack yebhetri ye-5Ah eqhelekileyo) ngexesha lokugaya kodwa ingenzi lutho kwi-0.1C phakathi komsebenzi. Ukukhetha ibhetri kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwezi mfuno ziphezulu ngelixa ulungiselela ixesha lokusebenza lilonke. Abavelisi bachaza zombini eziqhubekayo kunye ne-pulse (10-yesibini) amareyithingi ukujongana nale mfuno imbini.

Izixokelelwano zogcino lwamandla elanga zisebenza kumazinga aphantsi okukhutshwa, ngokwesiqhelo 0.1-0.3C ngexesha lobonelelo lwangokuhlwa. Eli zinga lokukhupha elithambileyo linegalelo kwiibhetri ze-LiFePO4 ezifezekisa imijikelo ye-4000-6000 kwezi zicelo. Ngamaxesha athile izixhobo zombane ezikwimfuno ephezulu zinokutyhala ukukhutshelwa kwe-1C ngokufutshane, kodwa amaxabiso aphakathi ahlala ephantsi.

Ii-elektroniki zabathengi zithatha uluhlu olubanzi lokukhupha. Ii-smartphones zivame ukukhupha kwi-0.2-0.5C ngexesha lokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, kunye ne-1-2C enokwenzeka ngexesha lokudlala okanye ukurekhoda kwevidiyo. Iilaptops zihlala zisebenza kuluhlu lwe-0.3-0.7C. Ezi ntlawulo ziphakathi zilinganisa ukusebenza kunye nemiqobo yesithuba esibambeneyo sezixhobo eziphathwayo.

Igridi-isikali sogcino lwamandla lusebenzisa i-lithium{1}}iinkqubo ze-ion ezinamazinga okukhupha alungiselelwe iinkonzo ezithile. Ukulawulwa rhoqo kufuna i-1-2C ikhono lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa izicelo zokucheba i-peak zisebenza ngokukhululeka kwi-0.25-0.5C. Umkhwa we-2025 ubonisa abaqulunqi benkqubo bekhetha iikhemistri zebhetri ezahlukeneyo kwiinkonzo zegridi ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zokukhutshwa.

Ukulawula izinga lokukhutshwa kwandisa ubomi bebhetri ngokubonakalayo, kunye nezenzo ezinikezela nge-50-100% yokuphucula ubomi ngaphezu kweepateni zokukhupha.

Ulawulo lobushushu ngexesha lokukhutshwa alukwazi ukugqithiswa. Iibhetri ezisebenza kuma-25 degrees (77 degrees F) zisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa{3}}iqondo lokukhutshwa okuphezulu livelisa ubushushu obuninzi. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ubushushu bebhetri bungaphezulu kwe 35℃buyanyusa umthamo wokuphelelwa ngamandla nge 2-3x xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kwi 25℃. Iinkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo kwii-EVs kunye nokufakwa kokugcinwa kwamandla okugcina amaqondo okushisa kwi-degrees ye-20-30 ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwezinga eliphezulu.

Ubunzulu bokukhutshwa (i-DoD) busebenzisana nezinga lokukhupha ukuchaphazela ubomi bomjikelezo. Ibhetri ye-lithium - ye-ion ejikelezayo phakathi kwe-20-80% yesimo sentlawulo (i-60% ye-DoD) kwi-0.5C inokufikelela kwi-3000-4000 imijikelezo. Ibhetri efanayo ijikeleze i-0-100% (100% DoD) kwi-2C inokulawula kuphela imijikelo ye-500-800. Ukudibanisa iibhayisekile ezingenzulwanga kunye namazinga aphakathi okukhutshelwa kwandisa ixesha lokuphila.

Uphando olusuka kuJanuwari ka-2025 olupapashwe kwii-ACS Energy Letters lubonise ukuba iibhetri zesinyithi ze-lithium zixhamla kwintlawulo ye-asymmetric kunye namazinga okukhupha. Ukutshaja okucothayo (0.2C) kudityaniswe nokukhupha ngokukhawuleza (3C) kubangele ukuba iibhetri zigcine umthamo ongaphezu kwama-80% emva kwemijikelo ye-1000. Oku kufunyanisiweyo kuphikisayo kucebisa ukuba ulawulo lwesantya sokukhupha lunokuphucula impilo yebhetri xa ludityaniswe neeprothokholi zokutshaja ezifanelekileyo.

Ukujongwa kwamandla ombane kuthintela ngaphezulu{0}}ukonakala kokukhupha. Kwiibhetri ze-24V ze-lithium, ukugcina i-voltage ngaphezu kwe-20V ngexesha lokukhutshwa likhusela iiseli kumonakalo onzulu wokukhutshwa. Iisistim zolawulo lwebhetri kufuneka zicuthe imithwalo xa amandla ombane asondela kwimithamo emincinane{5}}ngokuqhelekileyo i-2.5V ngeseli ye-lithium{7}}iion, okanye i-10V ye-12V yebhetri yepakethi.

Uvavanyo lwamaxesha ngamathuba okukhutshelwa okusemgangathweni luchonga ukuthotywa kwangoko. Izinga le-0.2C libonelela ngokuhambelana, iziphumo ezithelekisekayo kuzo zonke iimvavanyo. Umthamo wokuhla ngaphantsi kwe 80% yexabiso elilinganisiweyo libonisa isiphelo{{4}zo{5}} sobomi kwizicelo ezininzi, nangona ibhetri isenokusebenzela iinjongo ezingabalulekanga kangako.

Abavelisi banikezela ngezikhokelo ezithile zokukhutshwa kweemveliso zabo. Ukugqithisa ezi ngcebiso{1}}namaxesha athile{2}}kunokubangela ukuthotywa okukhawulezileyo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezifana ne-lithium yokucwenga, ukubola kwe-electrolyte, okanye ukwaphuka kwesahlukanisi. Ukulandela iinkcukacha akukho malunga nokhuseleko olukhawulezileyo; imalunga nokwandisa utyalo-mali lwebhetri yakho kwiminyaka yenkonzo.

Ukungaqondi kakuhle okuninzi malunga nezinga lokukhutshwa kubangela ukubhideka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelela ekukhetheni okanye ekusebenziseni ibhetri ngokungafanelekanga.

"Umthamo olinganisiweyo usebenza kuzo zonke iireyithi zokukhupha" ubuxoki bukhwelisa abasebenzisi abaninzi. Ibhetri elinganiswe nge-100Ah e-C/20 ayizisi i-100Ah e-2C{5}}inokubonelela kuphela nge-85-}i-90Ah ngenxa yelahleko yangaphakathi. Ngalo lonke ixesha ujonge ukuba loluphi umlinganiselo wokukhupha umenzi awuchaza umthamo. Iibhetri zeLithium zibonisa umahluko omncinci kunelead-asidi, kodwa umphumo usekhona.

Ukubhidanisa ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kunye ne-pulse kubangela iingxaki. Ibhetri ebhalwe "100A max" inokuthetha i-100A imizuzwana eyi-10 (i-pulse) endaweni yokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuzama ukukhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo kumazinga e-pulse konakalisa ngokukhawuleza iibhetri. Funda iinkcukacha ngononophelo, uphawule imida yamaxesha encopho yangoku yokulinganisa.

Ingcinga yokuba ngaphezulu kwe-C-amanqaku ahlala engcono ayihoyi urhwebo. Ibhetri eyilelwe ubuninzi-amazinga aphezulu okukhupha ahlala encama umthamo okanye ubomi bomjikelezo. I-50C{5}}yebhetri ekalikelweyo inokuba namandla amancinci kune-5C{7}}ekayilwayo yebhetri yobukhulu obufanayo. Tshatisa amandla ebhetri kwiimfuno ezizizo kunokwandisa iinkcukacha ngokungeyomfuneko.

Abanye abasebenzisi bakholelwa ukuba izinga lokukhutshwa alichaphazeli amandla ombane, balindele ukukhutshwa kwamandla ombane angaguqukiyo ngaphandle kokutsalwa kwangoku. Enyanisweni, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kubangela ukuba i-voltage yehle ngokulinganayo neyangoku. Ibhetri ye-12V inokulinganisa i-12.5V kumthwalo we-5A kodwa kuphela i-11.5V kumthwalo we-50A. Le sag yombane inciphisa unikezelo lwamandla olusebenzayo kunye nomthamo okhoyo.

"Izinga lokukhupha alinamsebenzi nokutshaja" ukungaqondi kakuhle kuhoya ukuziphatha kwebhetri. Ngelixa intlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, zombini zivelisa ubushushu kunye neeseli zoxinzelelo. Iibhetri ezinesakhono sokukhupha okuphezulu zihlala zixhasa ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kuba uxhathiso lwazo lwangaphakathi olusezantsi lunceda zombini iinkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, imida yentlawulo kunye nentlawulo yokukhupha isenokwahluka{3}}ihlala iqinisekisa zombini iinkcukacha.

discharge rate

Ukujongwa okuchanekileyo kwesantya sokukhupha kwenza ukuba kusetyenziswe ibhetri ngeyona ndlela kunye nokubonwa kwengxaki kwangethuba.

Iimonitha zebhetri zanamhlanje zibala ukukhutshwa kwangoku ngokuqhubekayo, zibonise kwi-amperes. Ezi zixhobo, ziqhagamshelwe nge-shunt (i-resistor echanekileyo), ukulinganisa ukuhla kwamandla ombane kwi-shunt ukumisela ukuhamba kwangoku. Abahloli bomgangatho bahlaziya ufundo rhoqo nge-1{3}}2 imizuzwana, ebonelela ngokubonakala kwexesha lokwenyani kwindlela yokuziphatha.

Ukubala kweCoulomb kudibanisa langoku ekuhambeni kwexesha ukulandelela amandla asusiweyo kwibhetri. Le ndlela ibonelela ngemeko echanekileyo-yo{2}}yoqikelelo lwentlawulo naxa iindlela zombane{3} ezisekelwe kwi-voltage zisilela ngenxa yokukhupha iigophe eziqhelekileyo kwiibhetri ze-lithium. Ubalo luthe ngqo: amp{5}}iiyure ezichithiweyo=umndilili wangoku × ixesha.

Abahlalutyi bebhetri abayilelwe ukuvavanywa komthamo basebenza ngokukhutshwa okulawulwayo ngexabiso elithile C-ngexa kuhlolwa amandla ombane, angoku, kunye nobushushu. Ezi zixhobo zinquma umthamo wangempela kunye nokuchasana kwangaphakathi, ukuveza impilo yebhetri. Uvavanyo kwiireyithi ezininzi ze-C- (ngokuqhelekileyo ngu-0.2C, 1C, kunye no-2C) lubonisa ukusebenza kokukhutshwa kulo lonke uluhlu lokusebenza.

Iiapps ze-smartphone eziqhagamshelwe kwi-BMS ngeBluetooth zibonelela ngokubeka iliso kwiibhetri ezininzi zanamhlanje ze-lithium. Eziapps zibonisa{1}}ixesha lokwenyani lokukhutshwa kwangoku, umthamo oseleyo, kwaye zihlala ziqikelela ixesha lokubaleka ngokusekelwe kumthwalo wangoku. Idatha inceda abasebenzisi ukuba baqonde indlela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo echaphazela ngayo ibhetri.

Ukubeka iliso kwe-DIY, ii-multimeters ezinomlinganiselo wangoku zisebenza kwizicelo ezilula. Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo wangoku osemgqeni ufuna ukwaphulwa kwesekethe kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umlinganiselo wangoku wemitha ungaphezulu komthwalo olindelekileyo. Kumthwalo ongaphezulu kwe-10A, i-clamp ammeter ibonelela ngokhuseleko,-nomlinganiselo ongeyongxaki.

Usetyenziso lobuchwephesha lusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuloga idatha ezirekhoda ukukhutshwa kwangoku, amandla ombane kunye nobushushu ekuhambeni kwexesha. Le datha yembali ibonisa iipatheni zokusetyenziswa, ichonge iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga zokukhutshwa, kwaye ixhasa ukugcinwa kwangaphambili. Abaqhubi begrid kunye nabaphathi bezithuthi ze-EV bathembela ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezinjalo ukukhulisa ii-asethi zebhetri ezixabisa izigidi zeedola.

Ukugqithisa ubuninzi bezinga lokukhupha kuvelisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwaye kunokubangela ukuvalwa kwenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri ukwenzela ukhuseleko. Ukwaphulwa okuphindaphindiweyo kubangela ukulahleka kwamandla okusisigxina ngokuthotywa okukhawulezileyo, ukuphuka kwe-electrolyte, okanye umonakalo wecandelo langaphakathi. Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, ngakumbi ngebhetri ye-lithium -yeyoni eswele ukhuseleko, ngaphezulu{3}}ukukhupha kunokubangela ukubaleka kwe-thermal{4}}ukusilela kokuphoswa okuyingozi okukhokelela kumlilo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo.

Ewe, iibhetri ezinomthamo ophezulu ziyasebenza ukuba amandla ombane, ubukhulu bomzimba, kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhupha ihambelana nesicelo sakho. Ibhetri eyi-100Ah ethatha indawo yebhetri eyi-50Ah kwisixhobo sombane esifanayo ibonelela ngokuphindwe kabini ixesha lokuqhuba ngamazinga okukhupha afanayo. Qinisekisa ukuba indawo yokunyusela ivumela ubukhulu obukhulu kwaye ukonyuka kobunzima akudali miba yezicelo eziphathwayo. Qinisekisa ukuhambelana kwenkqubo yentlawulo kunye nomthamo ophezulu.

Izicelo ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno zonikezelo lwamandla ezahlukeneyo. I-elektroniki yabathengi isebenza kumazinga aphantsi (0.2-1C) egxininisa amandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Izixhobo zamandla, iidrones, kunye nee-EVs zifuna amazinga aphezulu (3-10C) ukubeka phambili ukunikezelwa kwamandla ngaphezu komthamo opheleleyo. Ukulinganisa iibhetri kumazinga afanelekileyo okukhutshwa kunceda abathengi bakhethe iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo. Ukongezelela, amazinga okukhutshwa okucothayo anika ukufundwa kwamandla aphezulu, ngoko ke ukucacisa izinga kuqinisekisa uthelekiso olufanelekileyo.

Amaqondo obushushu abandayo anciphisa amandla okukhupha kakhulu. Kwi- - i-10℃, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinokuzisa kuphela i-50-70% yomthamo wazo olinganisiweyo, kwaye izinga eliphezulu lokukhupha elikhuselekileyo lehla nge-30-50%. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu avumela amazinga aphezulu okukhutshwa okwethutyana kodwa akhawulezise ukuthotywa. Iibhetri ezininzi zisebenza kakuhle phakathi kwe-15-35 degree. Izicelo ezilindele ubushushu obugqithisileyo zifuna iinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu okanye ikhemistri yebhetri eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ubushushu obubanzi, njengeLiFePO4 okanye i-lithium titanate entsha.

Ukukhetha ibhetri eyiyo kufuna ukulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wokukhupha ngokuchasene nomthamo, ubomi bomjikelezo, ixabiso, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko.

Tshatisa ireyithi yokukhupha eqhubekayo ne-avareji yemfuno yesicelo sakho, hayi iimfuno eziphakamileyo. Isixhobo samandla sokuzoba i-80A yemizuzwana engama-30 rhoqo ngemizuzu embalwa ayifuni i-80A eqhubekayo yokukala{4}}ibhetri elinganiselwe kwi-40A eqhubekayo kunye ne-80A yesakhono se-pulse inceda le mfuno ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nobunzima.

Qwalasela ukwehla kwamandla ombane phantsi komthwalo xa ulinganisa umthamo webhetri. Ukuba isicelo sakho sidinga ubuncinci be-24V ukuze usebenze ngokufanelekileyo, khetha iibhetri ezigcina loo mandla ombane kwiqondo elilindelekileyo lokukhupha. Ibhetri ye-24V yegama inokuhla iye kwi-22V ekukhutshweni kwe-2C, enokuthi ichaphazele ukusebenza kwesixhobo.

Iinkcukacha zobomi bomjikelo ngokuqhelekileyo zithatha amaxabiso athile okukhutshwa. Ibhetri elinganiswe kwimijikelo engama-2000 kwi-0.5C inokufikelela kuphela kwimijikelo ye-1000 kwi-2C. Ukuziphatha okukhutshiweyo kwiindleko ezipheleleyo zokubalwa kobunini{6}}ibhetri ethotywayo ethotywayo kabini ngokukhawuleza kwamaxabiso exesha elide{7}}.

Kwiibhetri ze-24V ze-lithium kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga okanye ezigcina amandla, i-0.3-0.5C inqanaba lokukhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo liphatha imithwalo yendlu ngokukhululekile. Izixhobo ezikhulu ezifana nezifudumezi zomoya zinokutyhala iimfuno kwi-1C ngokufutshane. Ukufakela umthamo we-2-3x umthwalo wakho ophakathi ubonelela ngereyithi yokukhupha i-headroom ngelixa ukhulisa ubomi bomjikelo ngemijikelo yokukhupha enzulu.

Iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko kunye nomgangatho we-BMS zibaluleke ngakumbi njengoko amazinga okukhutshwa akhula. -Usetyenziso lwezinga eliphezulu lufuna ukhuseleko oluqinileyo ngokuchasene{2} nangaphezulu, ngaphezulu{3}}kumaqondo obushushu, kunye neesekethi ezimfutshane. Abavelisi abasekiweyo abatyala imali kuyilo olululo lwe-BMS babonelela ngeemveliso ezikhuselekileyo kunezinye iindlela zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ngakumbi kwiibhetri ezisebenza ngaphezulu kwe-1C rhoqo.

Izinga lokukhutshwa limele uphawu olusisiseko lwebhetri olumisela ukuba ibhetri iyasifanela na isicelo sakho kunye nokuba iya kusebenza ixesha elingakanani na ngokuthembekileyo. Ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-C-yereyithi, yangoku, umthamo, kunye nokusebenza kunika amandla ukhetho olungcono lwebhetri, uyilo lwenkqubo ephuculweyo, kunye nobomi bebhetri obandisiweyo. Nokuba unika amandla i-smartphone okanye isithuthi sombane, ukuthelekisa iimfuno zokukhupha kubuchule bebhetri kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo, okusebenzayo kunye nembuyekezo efanelekileyo kutyalo-mali lwakho lwebhetri.